The Iliad Literary Analysis - 1552 Words

The Iliad: Literary Analysis Throughout The Iliad, an epic poem written by Homer, there were numerous warriors and other characters that could be looked upon as heroes; some of these heroes included Achilles, Ajax, Diomedes, Hector, and Glaucus. All of these individuals were heroes because of their remarkable mental and physical strength: they were courageous and were better fighters in war than other ordinary men. The trade of battle was a way of life to the Greeks back in Homer’s time. Children were raised to become great servicemen to their country, and warriors lived to fight for and defend their nation with pride and valor. The heroic code was a strict morality that dealt with matters relating to honor and integrity in battle.†¦show more content†¦Achilles possessed superhuman strength, he was swift and agile, he was brave, and he was intelligent. Achilles shows his extraordinary fighting skills and his intelligence in Book XXII, when he duels against Hector. Achilles manages to kill Hector â€Å"†¦like a high-flown eagle†¦Ã¢â‚¬  with a perfectly timed stab to â€Å"†¦where the collar-bones hold the neck from the shoulders, the throat, where death of the soul comes most swiftly; in this place brilliant Achilles drove the spear as he came on in fury, and clean through the soft part of the neck the spearpoint was driven† (Book XXII Lines 324-327). His intelligence is shown in that he knew a wound to this spot on Hector’s neck would be fatal, as Hector was wearing Achilles’ old armor that he stole off the body of Patroclus. An ordinary warrior most likely would not have had the skill with the sword to kill Hector, nor the intelligence to know to aim for the exact uncovered spot in Hector’s neck in the first place. Achilles also shows his bravery before this fight by wanting and agreeing to actually fight against Hector, who was the strongest warrior of the Trojans and the one person who was believed to actually have a chance i n combat against Achilles. Additionally, Achilles was the only hero who fought solely for his own heroics, and he was the only one who had a real love for battle and the glory of winning in war. Achilles’ love of war was on par with the love that many other Greeks expressed for their wives andShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of The Iliad1050 Words   |  5 PagesThe Iliad is an ancient Greek epic that depicts the conflicts of the Trojan War. Throughout the story, many smaller arguments take place between the characters of the epic. Like all stories, The Iliad is filled with literary devices to allow the readers to garner a better understanding of the motivations of each character throughout encounters. Translators have to maintain the nuances of each situation while accounting for an unavoidable skewing from the original passage. In reality, this means thatRead MoreSimilarities between Oral and Literary Traditions663 Words   |  3 PagesWhen thinking of oral traditions and literary traditions they b oth have their own similarities. Oral tradition is information that is passed down from generations by words that is not written down. On the hand literary tradition would be a language that is written and well spoken. It also makes whatever is written down permanent. Both are similar but slightly different from another. Before the literary tradition of written texts, oral tradition passed tales of gods, heroes, and other memorable mortalsRead MoreThe Muse of History by Derek Walcott1751 Words   |  7 Pagesrenewed†(38). Literary tradition can be made to suit or adapt to the voice of the writer. The analysis of Walcott’s Omeros and Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea will show how these writers use the fragments of history as a source of renewal, which engenders an Antillean space and voice which challenges, redefines, and recreates literary canons. Hybrids emerge from fragments of cultural and historical memories fused together, forming something new. Lorna Burns discusses ‘writing back’ to the literary canon in herRead MoreExistentialism And Akhilleus : State Of Affairs1182 Words   |  5 PagesAkhilleus’ State of Affairs in Homer’s Iliad Existentialism is a philosophy that deals with human existence. This philosophy is a complex subject that asks questions about life that include meaning, purpose, choice, morality, ideology, and individuality. When reading other texts one could easily make connections to existential themes within the book’s literary tropes. Occasionally, some books have an overloaded abundance of existential themes. Homer’s Iliad is one of the books that comprise of anRead MoreHomeric Vs. The Iliad1654 Words   |  7 PagesHomeric View of War in the Iliad Being a milestone for all ancient Greek Literature, the Trojan War was discussed and narrated in many different works, most notably Homer’s epic poem the Iliad. Depicting a classical style of mass battle, Homeric warriors were thus treated equally as fighters, but were disregarded in the text in order to illustrate the sheer power of the heroes and leaders. Every warrior was just another piece of the phalanx, which is why the army was so withstanding of attackRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Beowulf 851 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay offers literary analysis of Beowulf, the oldest epic poem that has survived in English literature. It is also widely known as the earliest surviving piece of literatures in vernacular European Literature. The language of this poem is Old English, spoken by Saxon people. This poem depicts a traditional story that is a part of oral Germanic tradition. As per experts, this is work of a single poet and was composed in then England. It has been dete rmined by the scholars that this poem wasRead MoreJohn Keats: The Next Shakespeare Essay829 Words   |  4 PagesKeats can easily be ranked as the top British poet to ever live; or at least in the top five ranking mark. His usage of his poems structures has become famous, just as his poems have become famous. Due to the young death of this famous poet, his literary work was cut short. Ever since he knew he was going to die, when he discovered he had contracted tuberculosis, he had thought that he would never be remembered; so much so that according to the web-site â€Å"Poets Graves† which states the inscriptionRead MoreThe Epic Of The Ramayana887 Words   |  4 PagesAn ancient literary monument that incorporates a rational perspective and approach towards life helps a person resolve infinite conceivable questions, unlock morals and ethics, and approach enlightenment. The Ramayana, a relic with sacred relevance not only to India, but all of humanity, consolidates the innum erable queries by humans, answers them with morality, principals, and philosophical beliefs. This Indian heroic epic poem, comprises of approximately 24,000 verses, is mostly written using theRead More Honor as the Theme in Homer’s The Iliad Essay2033 Words   |  9 Pagesthat are highly esteemed worldwide. These examples of literature would awe the world with how much literary skill they entailed when they were composed and written: attention to details as to formation of characters, the most crafty of plots, the most eloquent speeches and lines, the most astounding of twists of scenes, and most of all, the most universal and meaningful of themes. The theme of any literary work is what makes it great as it should be able to encompass the immense diversity of the worldRead MoreHistorical And Cultural Context Of The Movie The Odyssey 2026 Words   |  9 Pagesagainst a normally insurmountable amount of enemies and triumphing against all odds seem like a modern day movie con cept. In actuality, the first â€Å"western-style† action story was written by an eighth-century B.C. poet named Homer. It was titled the Iliad and it told of many great stories involving Greek gods and horrid monsters. The second of these epic poems was named The Odyssey. The Odyssey had to have been an intensely popular story to have survived for centuries and recognized as a milestone in

Cultural Differences Between France and Middle-East (Maghreb) Free Essays

Western European culture (France) Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and in the world. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia. After the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789, the absolute monarchy was abolished and France became a constitutional monarchy. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Differences Between France and Middle-East (Maghreb) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, France established fundamental rights for French citizens and all men without exception. The Declaration affirms â€Å"the natural and imprescriptible rights of man† to â€Å"liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression†. Freedom of speech and press were declared, and arbitrary arrests outlawed. Government The French Republic is a unitary semi-presidential republic with strong democratic traditions. Demographics With an estimated population of 65. 8  million people (as of 1 Jan. 2011), France is the 20th most populous country in the world. In 2004, a total of 140,033 people immigrated to France. Of them, 90,250 were from Africa and 13,710 from Europe. In 2008, France granted citizenship to 137,000 persons, mostly to people from Morocco, Algeria and Turkey. It is illegal for the French state to collect data on ethnicity and race, a law with its origins in the 1789 revolution and reaffirmed in the constitution of 1958.. While official data on the size of the country’s ethnic minorities is not available, it has been estimated that between three million and six million people are of North African ancestry while an estimated 2.   million people are of Black African ancestry. It is currently estimated that 40% of the French population is descended at least partially from the different waves of immigration the country has received. Between 1921 and 1935 about 1. 1  million net immigrants came to France. Religion Roman Catholicism has been the predominant religion in France for more than a millennium, though it is not as actively practiced today as it once was. According to a January 2007 poll by the Catholic World News – 51% identified s being Catholics, 31% identified as being agnostics or atheists 10% identified as being from other religions or being without opinion, 4% identified as Muslim, 3% identified as Protestant, 1% identified as Buddhist, 1% identified as Jewish. So we could see that France is one of the most multinational and multicultural countries in Europe. The main motivation for the law seems to be Sarkozy’s desire to do something to improve his dismal approval ratings. By appearing tough on Muslims he, perhaps, can counter the growing appeal of the right. His military adventures in Libya also seem calculated to that end. Obviously enough, this reason hardly justifies the law. Middle Eastern culture (Maghreb from Arabic – ‘West’) Actually in our case we will talk mostly about the region of Northwest Africa called Maghreb (also Maghrib). It includes five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Mauritania and the disputed territory of Western Sahara. Because of Sahara desert contact between the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa is limited. That’s why the biggest influence was coming from Middle Eastern cultures. The Arabs reached Maghreb in 7th century and brought their own religion Islam and Arabic language. After the 19th century, areas of the Maghreb were colonized by France, Spain and later Italy. In 1950th and beginning of 1960th all five countries became independent with their own government and low which is similar to French system board. Today more than two and a half million Maghrebi immigrants live in France, especially from Algeria and Morocco. In addition, there are 3 million French of Maghrebi origin (in 1999) (with at least one grand-parent from Algeria, Morocco or Tunisia) Family is extremely important in Asian cultures with much importance being placed on the elderly members of the family. The elderly are much revered in Asian society and it needs to be said that we don’t show the same respect to the elderly in Western culture. Approximately 5 -10% of the adult population in North Africa is illiterate. In the majority of Asian countries the social infrastructure is set in a class system and it really is the poor versus the wealthy with little opportunity to rise above poverty line certain Asian countries the name given to you at birth depicts where you are placed as a person in the scheme of things. Money tends to bypass he general populace in regards to support systems, such as improving hospitals, availability of fresh water, and implementing crisis agencies or whatever is required to enable people to seek shelter in times of need. All these things are high on the list of priorities and available in most Western cultures. We also take advantage of the fact that due to the rate of cheap labor in Asian countries it is more economical for Western businesses to ma nufacture goods offshore, so their profit margins are increased. Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia are all republican democracies, meaning they are governed by elected legislative bodies. Both Algeria and Egypt have bicameral legislatures while Tunisia is unicameral. Libya is a unique government in the region for two reasons. First, in theory, it is a socialist democracy in which people govern themselves through local political councils. Second, though these councils do exist and function, in reality the nation is governed by a military dictatorship which hasn’t changed since it took over in 1969 when cornel Muammar Quadhafi took power in a military coup. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with bicameral parlament. How to cite Cultural Differences Between France and Middle-East (Maghreb), Papers

Corporate Governance Telstra Communication â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the case study Corporate Governance for Telstra Communication. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to delineate the role of CEOs and directors in corporate governance. Here, the chosen organization for this assignment is Telstra Communication, which is the largest telecommunication company of Australia. The current stock exchange value of Telstra is 5.66 AUD(Telstra, 2016). Nowadays, corporate governance is becoming the most useful tool for the organizations, which helps to gain attention of the investors in an effective manner. Despite all the policies are framework of an organization, it is difficult for the board of directors to maintain good corporate governance in organization(Psaros Seamer, 2015). This report consists of cohesive analysis of corporate governance in order to identify the key issues and efficient recommendations to the chairperson of the board of Telstra Communication. Differentiating Role of Directors and CEOs in Corporate governance In corporate governance, board of directors is CEOs have different responsibilities that should be fulfilled in order to gain positive outcome. The overall functionality works properly, if both the responsible authorities understand their roles properly. In short, the role of directors is to discuss the policies in order to set the framework properly(Lim, 2011). On the other hand, the CEOs are responsible for implementing those frameworks in order to help the directors to fulfill their goals. The majority business case shows that corporate governance fails due to low sense of responsibility of the authorized stakeholders(Heenetigala, et al., 2014). Therefore, in case of Tesco, the equation will be same as well. Here, the board of directors should properly create the guidelines and frameworks for improving the entire process. Following are the responsibilities of directors and CEOs in corporate governance have been discussed. Responsibilities of Directors To discuss the legal framework and set the policies for corporate governance To delineate the responsibilities of the stakeholders in order to maintain good organizational practice To monitor the organizational practice in order to ensure that the policies are followed appropriately In order to build the organizational policies, directors need to gather information regarding the legal frameworks and other market trends. The decisions taken by the directors should comply with the legal frameworks in order to avoid uncertainty (Xu, et al., 2015). Moreover, the directors should discuss the ways in which the policies should be implemented. However, it is the sole responsibility of the CEOs to implement the policy. The directors will monitor whether the CEOs are complying with the organizational policies or not. Here, the role of business ethics is unavoidable(Miglani, et al., 2015). The directors should consider the ethical guideline in order to improve corporate governance of the organization. Responsibilities of CEOs To implement the stratifies set by the board of directors To help the directors to fulfill their goals To lead the workforce of the organization with appropriate leadership in order to engage good corporate governance The CEOs are solely responsible to implement the organizational strategies by following the corporate governance framework set by the directors. Here, the activities of the CEOs should be devoted for achieving overall organizational objectives (Beekes, et al., 2015). CEOs are not responsible for setting corporate governance guideline. However, CEOs should not avoid their responsibility to dodge difficult situation. According to the previous case studies, both CEOs and directors should maintain good communication in order to monitor activities of each other(Miglani, et al., 2015). In this manner, no one will be able to deny responsibility. Key issues of the recommendations In this competitive era, organizations are paying close attention to the corporate governance in order to implement efficient organizational policies and procedures. It is the sole responsibility of companys board of directors to implement good organizational practice. The CEOs are directly liable for implementing those policies(Appuhami Bhuyan, 2015). However, the CEOs sometimes avoid their responsibilities for which the change of uncertainty increases. For example, the strategies framed by the board of directors need to be maintain by different stakeholders(Cheshire, et al., 2011). However, due to lack of responsibility allocation, most of the multinational organizations fail to maintain the basic guideline. Apart from that, CEOs manipulate the overall information while delivering it to the internal and external stakeholders. For example, in order to improve organizational performance, it is highly important to share organizational information with the stakeholders(Jia, 2014). However, CEOs can manipulate this information for their personal benefit. It not only harms organizational profitability, but also affects reputations of the organization in negative manner. The organizations listed to the Australian Stock Exchange need to maintain good practice in order to attract the investors(Jia, 2014). It helps to reduce the cost of capital. On the other hand, if an organization avoid corporate governance, then it will be difficult for the organization to attract the stakeholders. According to the recommendations, board of directors of Telstra Communication should communicate with the CEOs in order to monitor whether they are complying with the set of policies or not. In majority cases, issues occur due to lack of supervision(Adrian, et al., 2013). Therefore, communication is the best way in which the CEOs can raise their issues regarding the set of policies set by the directors. On the other hand, directors will be able to handle any certain change in business. Recommendations In order to avoid issues with corporate governance, board of director of the organization should communicate with the CEOs of the company. In this manner, it will be possible for the company to maintain good corporate governance within the organization. According to the case study, the board of directors is denying responsibilities, as they are not responsible for implementing strategies. However, the board of directors should ensure that CEOs are not taking the policies casually. Conclusion While concluding, it can be said that corporate governance is a set of policies created by the board of director of an organization. These policies help to maintain good organizational practice, which attracts the stakeholders such as customers and investors. In other words, corporate governance helps to maintain business sustainability in competitive market. This assignment shows that CEOs and directors have different responsibilities to achieve overall organizational objective. Introduction The purpose of this report is to emphasize the decision-making mode of the investors. Nowadays, investors are not considering the good corporate governance while taking decision. Therefore, organizations with good corporate governance practice are facing difficulties to gain competitive advantage(Appuhami Bhuyan, 2015). This assignment will consist of the process in which investors can get better return. In order to gain good return, investors should consider the corporate government practices rather than the other elements. Investment models of investors Nowadays, investors are not considering the corporate governance while making investment decision. The traditional decision making models were focusing on the organizational practices. However, currently, the investors are focusing on the global presence. Nowadays, organizations are publishing manipulated information in the financial report(Kathy Rao, et al., 2012). Therefore, it attracts the consumers and other stakeholders in an effective manner. However, the company can face difficulties in long run for this unethical practice. Investors are showing their interest to those companies in order to gain huge return within short time span. In order to take final decision, investors evaluate the market demand of the product or service that the company is offering (Psaros Seamer, 2015). Apart from that, investors go through the forecasted financial report in order to understand the financial viability of the organization. However, these are not sufficient to ensure long-term return. The investors should have adequate knowledge regarding whether the organization is performing the activities in reality or just portraying the same for recognition (Lim, 2011). Here, the importance of corporate governance occurs. If the organization maintain good corporate governance practices, then it will be not possible for the company to adopt unethical practices. Importance of good corporate governance The aim of the investors is to identify an organization and invest a certain amount in order to get high return. Now, the investors are looking forward to gain short-term benefits from the investments. Therefore, they are not considering corporate governance while taking final decision of investment (Heenetigala, et al., 2014). Corporate governance helps an organization to implement the policies and procedures for conducting ethical business practice. Nowadays, organizations are conducting unethical business practices due to low corporate governance policies. The directors are not liable to monitor the activities of the CEOs and therefore, proper guideline is not being followed(Xu, et al., 2015). However, it increases risk factors for the company, because in long-term sustainability, it is important to perform good corporate responsibilities. Good corporate governance helps to implement effective policies and procedures in which the organization will be able to monitor activities of each stakeholder. According to the case studies, the majority of the companies are facing issues due to lack of communication between directors and CEOs. Therefore, it is highly important to bring change to the law. In this change, the directors should be held responsible for any type of unethical activities within the organization (Miglani, et al., 2015). The major manipulation, which an organization does, is providing hypothetical social activities with the stakeholders. However, this kind of practice only has short-term impact on profitability. Investors should investigate that whether the company is following proper corporate governance or not (Appuhami Bhuyan, 2015). Following are the benefits of corporate governance have been discussed. Shareholder recognition: In order to maintain stock price of an organization, it is highly important to maintain good relationship with the shareholders. Therefore, it is highly important to maintain good relationship with the small shareholders and provide them all necessary information regarding organizational activities and achievement (Beekes, et al., 2015). Majority of the organization neglect the small shareholders and therefore, stock price of the company get affected. In good corporate governance, an organization communicates with all shareholders through general meeting. Therefore, it helps to increase transparency between the company and the shareholders. Ethical behavior: With effective corporate governance, it is possible for an organization to build good relationship with the internal stakeholders such as employees and investors (Adrian, et al., 2013). For an example, if an organization is abusing outsourced employees, then it will be difficult for the company to improve employee retention (Appuhami Bhuyan, 2015). However, good corporate governance will allow the organization to set cohesive policies for the employees. It will improve organizational profitability along with return for the investors. Recommendations In order to ensure high and sustainable return, investors should consider corporate governance rather than the short-term profit of an organization. In order to improve the decision-making model, the investors should pay close attention to the policies of the organization in primary stage. Apart from that, the investors should identify weather the organization is complying with the set of policies. In this manner, the investor will be able to understand that weather the company is conducting ethical business or not. Nowadays, it is highly important to perform corporate social activities in order to maintain business sustainability. However, increasing trend of unethical business practice prevents the organizations from maintaining sustainable profit. Therefore, the investors should go through the social activities conducted by the organization along with its impact among the community they serve. In this manner, the investors will be able understand the extent in which the organizati on value corporate governance. Conclusion After going through the decision-making model of the investors, it can be said that investors are not considering corporate governance while taking final decision. The reason behind this approach is to gain short-term benefits from the business model. The organizations are getting stakeholders attention by spreading manipulated organizational information, which is unethical. In good corporate governance, an organization can monitor activities of the internal stakeholders and therefore, reducing unethical business practice becomes possible. On the other hand, it also helps the investors to ensure long-term return from the business model. Bibliography Adrian, C., Wright, S. Kilgore, A., 2013. good corporate GOVERNANCE: What matters most to directors. Appuhami, R. Bhuyan, M., 2015. Examining the influence of corporate governance on intellectual capital efficiency: Evidence from top service firms in Australia. pp. 347-372. Beekes, W., Brown, P., Zhang, Q. Cahan, S., 2015. Corporate governance and the informativeness of disclosures in Australia: a re examination. 55(4), pp. 931-963. Cheshire, L., Everingham, J. Pattenden, C., 2011. Examining Corporate-sector Involvement in the Governance of Selected Mining-intensive Regions in Australia. Australian Geographer, 42(2), pp. 123-138. Heenetigala, K., Armstrong, A. Clarke, A., 2014. Corporate Regulation and Corporate Governance of Small Businesses in Australia. Journal of Business Systems, Governance Ethics, 6(3). Jia, X., 2014. Corporate Governance in State Controlled Enterprises. Journal of Business Systems, Governance Ethics, 1(3). Kathy Rao, K., Tilt, C. Lester, L., 2012. Corporate governance and environmental reporting: an Australian study. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 12(2), pp. 143-163. Lim, S., 2011. Do litigation funders add value to corporate governance in Australia?. Company and Securities Law Journal, 29(3), p. 135. Miglani, S., Ahmed, K. Henry, D., 2015. Voluntary corporate governance structure and financial distress: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics, 11(1), pp. 18-30. Psaros, J. Seamer, M., 2015. Ranking Corporate Governance of Australia's Top Companies: A Decade On. Australian Accounting Review, 25(4), pp. 405-412. Telstra, 2016. telstra.com.au. [Online] Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/ [Accessed Accessed 5 Aug. 2016 Aug 2016]. Xu, S., How, J. Verhoeven, P., 2015. Corporate governance and private placement issuance in Australia. Accounting Finance,.

Success of High School Musical free essay sample

The soundtrack of the Disney original movie â€Å"High School Musical† was released in January 2006, debuting near the bottom of the Top 200 in the United States. Seven weeks later, after the Disney Channel premiere of the movie, it hit #1. Disney knew that the movie was going to be big, but no one could expect that this musical, with a cast of six unknown actors would become a worldwide phenomenon. The promotion of the movie started on New Year’s Eve in Disney Channel, introducing the cast and playing some musical segments of the movie as music videos advertising the movie premiere in January. It continued with free downloads of the #1 single â€Å"Breaking free†, 4 singles on heavy rotation in the 56 Radio Disney stations and making the lyrics of all the songs available on disneychannel. com. The story, described as a modern â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† via â€Å"Grease† it’s a true musical set in a High School, and there hasn’t been anything like that since Grease. We will write a custom essay sample on Success of High School Musical or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, the targeted age for the movie (8-14) was living in a generation extremely connected to the internet, and the movie came out exactly in the right time, just after Christmas when so many iPods and iTunes gift cards were sold and this age group was hungry for content for their iPods. The international release came months later following the same strategy, but in a â€Å"think global, act local† way. The movie was translated to 30 languages, adapting to the 290 million viewers in the 100 countries were it was shown, there were adaptations of the lead singles by local bands and singing in the local language, and in some countries like India even the soundtrack was dubbed, making it 100%

Free Essays on Server Imaging

Abstract Amalgamated Online, Inc. is a large multi-media company that has approximately 15,000 servers deployed throughout the enterprise. Currently, the configuration and deployment of a server is handled through several vendors. In order to save money, Amalgamated Online decided to investigate handling the service in-house. A cross-functional team was formed to determine the requirements and scope of the project. After the requirements were defined, a feasibility study was performed. The study determined that Amalgamated would save at least 8,000,000 dollars a year by handling configurations internally, so the project moved forward. During the design phase it was determined that using a Red Hat Linux server to deploy the images would be the best solution. An internal team call Platform Engineering Services was formed to handle the configurations, maintenance, and support after the integration. Server Imaging Project Amalgamated Online, Inc. has approximately 15,000 servers spread across the enterprise. The server operating systems vary between Microsoft fs Windows NT or Windows 2000, Sun Solaris Unix, Red Hat Linux and Hewlett Packard (HP) Unix. Amalgamated Online handles the Microsoft products with their in-house Information Technology (IT) staff. They have contracts with Sun, Red Hat and HP to setup, install, configure, migrate and replace the servers across the enterprise running their respective Operating Systems (OS). Each vendor has six Field Engineers (FE) working their respective contracts. Each vendor charges Amalgamated Online approximately $300 per hour for each engineer. The contract terms are based on an anticipated annual Level Of Effort (LOE) of 2,080 hours per FE. With an annual expense of $11,232,000 cumulative for the three contracts, Amalgamated Online decided to find a more cost effective and efficient method for maintaining and replacing their servers. Additionally, Amalgamated Online w... Free Essays on Server Imaging Free Essays on Server Imaging Abstract Amalgamated Online, Inc. is a large multi-media company that has approximately 15,000 servers deployed throughout the enterprise. Currently, the configuration and deployment of a server is handled through several vendors. In order to save money, Amalgamated Online decided to investigate handling the service in-house. A cross-functional team was formed to determine the requirements and scope of the project. After the requirements were defined, a feasibility study was performed. The study determined that Amalgamated would save at least 8,000,000 dollars a year by handling configurations internally, so the project moved forward. During the design phase it was determined that using a Red Hat Linux server to deploy the images would be the best solution. An internal team call Platform Engineering Services was formed to handle the configurations, maintenance, and support after the integration. Server Imaging Project Amalgamated Online, Inc. has approximately 15,000 servers spread across the enterprise. The server operating systems vary between Microsoft fs Windows NT or Windows 2000, Sun Solaris Unix, Red Hat Linux and Hewlett Packard (HP) Unix. Amalgamated Online handles the Microsoft products with their in-house Information Technology (IT) staff. They have contracts with Sun, Red Hat and HP to setup, install, configure, migrate and replace the servers across the enterprise running their respective Operating Systems (OS). Each vendor has six Field Engineers (FE) working their respective contracts. Each vendor charges Amalgamated Online approximately $300 per hour for each engineer. The contract terms are based on an anticipated annual Level Of Effort (LOE) of 2,080 hours per FE. With an annual expense of $11,232,000 cumulative for the three contracts, Amalgamated Online decided to find a more cost effective and efficient method for maintaining and replacing their servers. Additionally, Amalgamated Online w...

How to Start a Story My Simple Guide as a Bestselling Novelist

How to Start a Story My Simple Guide as a Bestselling Novelist How to Start a Story: Writing a Great Opening Line for Your Novel or Nonfiction Book Some say editors and agents can decide against your manuscript within the first three pages. Harsh as that sounds, the truth is worse They can actually pass judgment within the first few paragraphs. If they arent hooked immediately, they move on. That doesn’t sound fair, but we writers must face reality. Except for loved ones and close friends, readers aren’t much more merciful. So even if you’re self-publishing and avoiding the harsh glare of professional eyes, rivet your readers from the get-go or most will close your book without a second thought. There’s no formula for the perfect opener, but great writers have been creating them for centuries. The key, as with every other writing question, is to think reader-first and do what you believe will work best. Novelist Les Edgerton began a short story this way: He was so mean that wherever he was standing became the bad part of town. I’d keep reading, wouldn’t you? You’ll find some favorites below in four categories. Play off these and see what you can come up with for your work in progress. Need help writing your novel?Click here to download my ultimate 12-step guide. How to Start a Story: 4 Types of Opening Lines 1. Surprise Fiction Many years later, as he faced the firing squad, Colonel Aureliano Buendà ­a was to remember that distant afternoon when his father took him to discover ice. - Gabriel Garcia Marquez,One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967) It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen. - George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) It was a wrong number that started it, the telephone ringing three times in the dead of night, and the voice on the other end asking for someone he was not. - Paul Auster, City of Glass (1985) It was the day my grandmother exploded. - Iain M. Banks, The Crow Road (1992) High, high above the North Pole, on the first day of 1969, two professors of English Literature approached each other at a combined velocity of 1200 miles per hour. - David Lodge, Changing Places (1975) Nonfiction By the time Eustace Conway was seven years old, he could throw a knife accurately enough to nail a chipmunk to a tree. - Elizabeth Gilbert, The Last American Man (2002) Every year I bury a couple hundred of my townspeople. - Thomas Lynch, Undertaking: Life Studies From the Dismal Trade (1997) In the fall of 1993, a man who would upend much of what we know about habits walked into a laboratory in San Diego for a scheduled appointment. - Charles Duhigg, The Power of Habit (2012) 2. Dramatic Statement Fiction Lolita, light of my life, fire of my loins. - Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita (1955) I am an invisible man. - Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man (1952) He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. - Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea (1952) Someone must have slandered Josef K., for one morning, without having done anything trulywrong, he was arrested. - Franz Kafka, The Trial (1925) They shoot the white girl first. - Toni Morrison, Paradise (1998) You better not never tell nobody but God. - Alice Walker, The Color Purple (1982) Nonfiction My sharpest memory is of a single instant surrounded by dark. - Mary Karr, The Liars Club (1995) What are you looking at me for? Im not here to stay†¦ - Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969) I was five years old the first time I ever set foot in prison. - Jimmy Santiago Baca, A Place to Stand (2001) Beware thoughts that come in the night. - William Least Heat Moon, Blue Highways (1982) My high school friends have begun to suspect I haven’t told them the full story of my life. - Ishmael Beah, A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier (2007) 3. Philosophical Fiction Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. - Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina (1877) This is the saddest story I have ever heard. - Ford Madox Ford, The Good Soldier (1915) Nonfiction It’s not about you. - Rick Warren, Purpose Driven Life (2002) No comet blazed when I was born. - Denis Healey, The Time of My Life (1989) 4. Poetic Fiction When I finally caught up with Abraham Trahearne, he was drinking beer with an alcoholic bulldog named Fireball Roberts in a ramshackle joint just outside of Sonoma, California, drinking the heart right out of a fine spring afternoon. - James Crumley, The Last Good Kiss (1978) It was just noon that Sunday morning when the sheriff reached the jail with Lucas Beauchamp though the whole town (the whole county too for that matter) had known since the night before that Lucas had killed a white man. - William Faulkner, Intruder in the Dust (1948) Nonfiction The village of Holcomb stands on the high wheat plains of western Kansas, a lonesome area that other Kansans call â€Å"out there.† - Truman Capote, In Cold Blood (1967) When people ask- and seems like people always be askin to where I can’t never get away from it- I say, Yeah, that’s right, my mother name was Henrietta Lacks, she died in 1951, John Hopkins took her cells and them cells are still livin today, still multiplyin, still growin and spreadin if you don’t keep em frozen. - Rebecca Skloot, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (2010) Need help writing your novel?Click here to download my ultimate 12-step guide. Writing A Great Opening Line Is Only the Beginning Then it’s your job to keep the reader with you. So study storytelling, work at creating compelling characters, and become a ferocious self-editor. You just might produce a manuscript that keeps an editor or agent reading all the way through. What are some of your favorite opening lines? Tell me in the comments.

Rise of the New Right in the 1970s and 1980s Essay

Rise of the New Right in the 1970s and 1980s - Essay Example Johnson, galvanized the formation of a new political movement. In elite think-tanks and local community organizations alike, new policies, marketing strategies, and electoral strategies were crafted over the succeeding details. The New Right succeeded in building a policy approach and electoral apparatus that propelled Ronald Reagan into the White House in the 1980 presidential election. The American New Right is distinct from and opposed to the more moderate tradition of the so-called Rockefeller Republicans. The New Right also differs from the Old Right on issues concerning foreign policy with the New Right being opposed to the non-interventionism of the Old Right" (Kotlowitz, 1999). There are many different issues within the New Right that are relevant and significant, and the aim of this paper is to address and discuss the social, political and economic conditions that contributed to the actual rise of the New Right in the 1970s and 1980s. By doing this, we will be able to gain a much more informed and knowledgeable understanding on the subject matter at hand overall, particularly in regards to the important matter of the rise of the New Right in the United States. This is what will be dissertated in the following. There were really a number of different factors which contributed to the rise of the New Right in the 1970s and 1980s, and since the 1980... In order to be able to truly and properly characterize such an incredible shift primarily in terms of the conspiratorial maneuvering of an otherwise tightly kept and organized New Right seems relatively tempting, however still rather simplistic at the same time, considering the fact that there is a certain pervasiveness to the rightward pull. After all, if we really think about it and properly consider all of the present facts, what we are seeing in regards to this matter is not just that of a well-orchestrated right-wing offensive, but as well it is actually the demise of the liberal state overall, and not only that but some of its more progressive ideas as well. This includes some of the most major and significant progressive ideas of all, such as equality, individual freedom, and social welfare needs, for example. Clearly then the New Right is not at all alone in regards to the abandoning of liberalism, and in fact the dogma which refers to the issue of how social programs, particularly those for the poorer people, tend to represent a certain intrusiveness by the state and are really emanated from the Moral Majority, for the most part. It also must be known that the evidence which has been shown, especially over recent years in particular, is truly unimpeachable, and that "the political right in America no longer stands for individual rights, limited government and capitalism. The 'rightists' now advocate expanding the welfare state, increasing government intrusion into our intimate private affairs, and sacrificing American lives to foreign paupers. They call it 'advancing the cause of freedom'" (Kotlowitz, 1999). In other words, one of the most major and significant aspects which contributed to the rise of the New Right is

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 11

Case study - Essay Example The fact that there is a personal relationship with a friend’s son affects the underlying professional relationship in connection to probationer. This is a major contributor to a state of conflict of interest. Changing of probation officers is in the best interest for each of the parties as they could face accusations of conflicts of interest and could be placed on leave or fined. In the case of the probationer, he could face accusations of bargaining with me, the officer, as there is proof of a mutual interest. All positive aspects occurring between the probationer and the officer could be diluted as a result of such conflict of interest. Future research should accurately conceptualise role conflict and not simply infer that officers experience role conflict on the basis of community correctional officers having differing role preferences (LearningExpress. 2007). One strategy that might be useful is the development of an occupationally specific questionnaire focusing on the t ensions between the welfare and enforcement aspects of the officers’ role. Such a questionnaire should differentiate between internal or personally based conflicts (intra role conflict) and external or organisationally based conflicts (inter-role conflict) (Mendicino, 2010). This approach appears valid in the present study, as both forms of conflict were related to emotional exhaustion. Such an approach would enable a more sophisticated understanding of the tensions faced by community correctional officers and clarification of the issues surrounding whether community correctional officers experience role conflict. If there is evidence of discriminatory against probationers in favour of a friend’s son, it is not appropriate to continue working on the case. There are other legal repercussions emerging against the probation agency. Probation authorities must adhere to lawful procedures, but must not adhere to any provisions with formal requirements of

Free

Free will vs. Determinism Essay Free Will versus Determinism Right now I am writing this paper, for philosophy class, and it is due tomorrow. The question is, from the time I was born, was it pre-determined that I was going to write this paper? Since the beginning of religion, people have argued whether or not everything we do is pre-determined. The belief that every action a person makes has been pre-determined is called determinism. On the other side of this belief is the belief of free will. Free will is the belief that a person chooses what happens to them through their own actions. In the argument of free will versus determinism, there are three positions that can be taken for this argument. The positions that can be taken are hard determinism, libertarianism, and soft determinism. Hard determinism is the belief that everything in the universe is determined by casual laws, or is pre-determined. Libertarianism is the belief that there are some actions in which a person causes the outcome or in other words, the belief that people choose what happens to them. And finally, there is soft determinism. Soft determinism is the belief that there are certain things in life that are pre-determined and there are some things in life that a person chooses to happen through their actions. I believe that soft determinism is true because there really are certain things in life that are pre-determined, but there are also things that people have control over. Every day, a person makes hundreds if not thousands of choices; choices that will lead to actions, which will lead to an outcome of any given situation. I believe that for certain things in life, people decide what happens to them based on their actions or choices. But just as I believe that people make their own choices, I also believe that there are certain things in life that are pre-determined. I believe that free will and determinism go hand at hand though. There are certain things in life that a person has no control over. For example, when a person is born, they cannot choose what family they can be related to. A person cannot choose what their face is going to look like, or the color of their skin, or even something like their name. All of these qualities of a person are all pre-determined before birth. A person does not have free will to choose these qualities while in the mother’s womb. Just as there are these things that cannot be chosen, there are many things that a person can choose to be a part of their life that is not pre-determined. For instance, a person can choose who their friends are, what color they like, what food they like, and even things like hobbies that they enjoy doing. In my opinion, free will and determinism work along with each other. I believe that both determinism and free will are true. In my opinion, they work with each other. I believe that since we can’t choose what environment we grow up in, it effects how we make our choices. In other words, our culture has a strong effect on our own personal decision making. In fact, our free will decision making is formed from our past experiences. There are some philosophers who don’t agree with soft determinism. A man by the name of Baron d’Holbach is a strong believer of hard determinism. d’Holbach believes that what we call free will is simply just a modification of the physical brain. We necessarily seek to enhance/ensure our own existence. As natural beings, we are wholly subject to laws of nature. In this sense, forces independent of us create desires/drives in us that determine what we do. What he means by this is that is that we only believe that we have free will. And that the choices that we make are already pre-determined based on the environment we live in. Another philosopher by the name of William James believes in libertarianism. According to James, there is always some ‘loose play’ among parts of the universe, multiple possibilities for how things can be. Whatever does actually happen happens because of chance, not out of necessity or natural laws. In other words, he believes that either everything is determined, or everything is up to chance. I disagree with both of these views. I believe that there is a mixture of both determinism and libertarianism. I disagree with Baron d’Holbach because I believe that free will does in fact exist. For me, it makes sense that free will is true. There are certain things that need to have free will in order to exist. The best example of this is regret. Regret comes when a person makes a choice. If free will does not exist, than people don’t necessarily make choices, and without choices being made, than regret cannot exist. There needs to be free will for certain things in life to exist. I also disagree with William James. I believe that it is foolish to believe in the â€Å"all or none† principle. James believes that either there is all just pure determinism, or all free will, not both. It is impossible for there to be free will for everything. For example, people cannot choose what they are going to look like. People also cannot choose who their family is or what their birth name is. But, I also believe the same to be true with pure determinism. I believe that it is nonsense to believe that a person doesn’t choose their friends, what they take interest in, or what sort of events happen to them throughout the course of their life. I do believe that there are certain things that are pre-determined, but it doesn’t make sense to believe that everything is pre-determined. Every single day, people make decisions that will affect what will happen to them. There are things in a person’s life that happen by choice, and there are also things that happen that people have no control over. I believe that soft determinism is true because there really are certain things in life that are pre-determined, but there are also things that people have control over. It cannot lean one way or the other because there needs to be both. I believe that these two work hand at hand in order to form out what happens to a person throughout their life. Bibliography 1. TheologySummary History of World Religions. On Morality, Free Will God. Philosophy: Free Will vs. Determinism: WSM Explains Limited Freedom / Determinism in Necessarily Connected Universe. N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. .

Sport Record :: Sports Records Papers

Sport Record The founding father of the Olympic Movement, Pierre de Coubertin, referred to the sport record as having the same function in the ideology of Olympism as the principle of gravity in Newtonian mechanics (Loland 1995). The record was, so to speak, the eternal axiom of sport. No doubt, Coubertin was right in many ways. The fascination for records is a key element in our fascination for sports. Records are the stuff of which legends and myths are made. Johnny Weissmuller's 1924 one hundred meter freestyle swim under the minute, Wilma Rudolph's fabulous sprint records from the early 1960s, and Michael Johnson's explosive two hundred meter record run at the 1996 Atlanta Games, are all paradigmatic examples of Coubertin's ideals. The record stands as a symbolic message of human greatness and infinite possibility. However, as will be shown in this paper, the record idea is not unproblematic. First, sport records are defined. Second, based on critical, conceptual analyses, the logic of the record is examined and possible consequences are discussed of the continuous quest for new records. Finally, some reflections are presented on alternative lines of developments in sport in which the status of the record idea is drastically reduced. Record Sports, Quasi Record Sports, and Games A sport record is a performance, measured in exact mathematical-physical entities (meters, seconds or kilograms) within a standardized spatio-temporal framework defined by sport rules, that is better than all previous performances measured in the same way. Typical record sports are athletics, swimming, and weight lifting. Record sports have to satisfy strict requirements on both standardization of conditions and on exact measurement of performance. A series of sport disciplines satisfy one of these two criteria. In marathon running and cross-country skiing, performances are measured and compared by exact timing, but there are no standardized arenas. The Boston Marathon is rather different from the one in Oslo. The conditions and trails of cross-country ski races vary from race to race. We sometimes talk of records here, but in an inaccurate way. Disciplines with exact performance measurements but without strictly standardized frameworks can perhaps better be called quasi-record sports. Other sport disciplines have well-defined standardized spatial frameworks but do not measure performances in exact ways. In terms of arenas, soccer and tennis are more or less identical from match to match. Performances, however, are measured in non-precise entities like goals, points, sets, and games. Moreover, performances are in a sense relative as they depend upon social interaction with other competitors.

Helping English Language Learners in the Classroom Essay

Learners from different background and surroundings have different perceptions towards learning English. Their surroundings contribute to their more or less of understanding of towards English language learning. From urban to rural settings, most schools are in charge for educating English language to students. In relation to that matter, teachers of English language in schools are also facing several difficulties in teaching English in the classroom. The first issue is age. In general, the older the student the more difficult it is for them to learn the second language naturally. It is advisable to enroll the child in the beginning levels so he/she hears a combination of English and his native language. Learners who are still young are like a white paper they can grasp and understand the rules and regulations of English grammar easily as they are not yet influenced by the other language. Teaching communication for them is also easy as they can absorb the new things and comprehend the language with teacher guidance. Whereas older students or learners are exposed to many new things and they were influence from what they see, read and hear so the process of teaching English language is a little affected because of their prior knowledge. Older students need more support to encourage them to work hard in their studies, hence helping them to learn English language. The second issue is native language. Sometimes, native language plays a big role in influencing the learners to the new language. t can sometimes confuse them as some word in the first language has the spelling as the new language. So, the educator needs to be focus and consistent in explaining them. Hence, fluent in their native language is considered an extra credit too. A student who is good in his/her rules and regulations of his/her native language and also fluent in his first language is often considered as lucky. As such it is an advantage when they are learning English. The proximity of speech sound for oral communication and whether or not the first language uses Roman letter for writing are also considered as an important factor in English proficiency. When there are some similarities of first language and English language the teaching of the target will be easier. The teachers and learners can both use their first language knowledge to be adopt and adapt in the learning of English language. Lastly, the third issue is literacy of parents. Parents who are not concerned with their children learning often have some effects to their children’s learning. This is same as parents who are not educated in school cannot help their children at home. So, the teaching and learning of English language in classroom at school will a little hard for the unexposed students. The level of literacy of a student’s parents may also affect the acquisition of written language. In average, the more fluent the parent the more fluent the child is. As it is mention earlier, the fluency of a learner in the native language promotes acquisition of English. Teachers need to know about their students’ cultures, it can help teachers to communicate to theirs students well. By doing this, it shows that teacher value their heritage and it will also allow teacher to connect academic content to a student’s set of experiences and knowledge about the world. Eventually, students of target language whose native culture is valued have a greater sense of self-worth and higher academic achievement.

Easy Experiment

?Which Liquid Dissolves Sugar Free LifeSavers Quickest? The purpose of my experiment is to find out which liquid,(orange juice, water, Coca-Cola, or Sprite), dissolves Sugar Free Life Savers the quickest. I think the Sprite will dissolve the Life Saver the quickest because it has the highest acidity, with ph levels reaching 2. 4. The ph scale ranges from 0 to 14. Battery acid reaches 0 on the scale. 7 is considered neutral. Sprite has a ph level of 2. 4. Coca-Cola has a ph level of 2. 5. Orange juice has a ph level of 3. 5. And water has a ph level of 7. 0. My materials for this experiment include 4 small covered glass containers,four cherry Sugar Free Life Savers, a timer, and Coca-Cola, Sprite, tap water, and orange juice. First, I poured 1 cup of each liquid in their own seperate container. Then I dropped one cherry Sugar Free Life Saver in each and put the lid on each. After that, I started the timer and recorded the amount of time it took for each Life Saver to dissolve in each liquid. It took Sprite 39 minutes to dissolve the candy, Coca-Cola 42 minutes, water 49 minutes, and orange juice 72 minutes when I did this experiment. My findings did support my hypothesis; Sprite did dissolve the LifeSaver the quickest. To improve this experiment in the future, i could put 3 LifeSavers in each container instead of just 1 to see if the acid in the liquids is still strong enough to eat through each LifeSaver.

paralegal stuff Essay

paralegal stuff Essay paralegal stuff Essay Bobbie York Introduction to paralegal Week 6 Team work 11-20-13 Long –arm statue is when a â€Å"person† which includes an individual, his executor, administrator, or other personal representative or a corporation, partnership, association or any other legal or commercial entity who is a non resident of the state of Ohio (law writer, Ohio laws and rules). In the state of Ohio the long-arm statue is when a court can exercise personal jurisdiction who acts directly or by an agent that causes an action to arise from a person (Lrcvaw.org). Basically anyone who comes from another state either by themselves or with an attorney can be in trouble and held by the courts under the long arm statue law. The long arms statue takes place when one of the following happens. Transacting any business in Ohio, contracting to supply services or goods in Ohio, causing tortuous injury by an act or omission in Ohio. The structure of state court system is as follows. Supreme courts Appeals by right criminal, civil, and administrative agency. The Supreme Court is the highest in the courts and handles the highest crimes cases. Exclusive appeal by permission criminal, civil, limited administrative agency, interlocutory appeals in criminal, civil, administrative agency. Exclusive death penalty Original proceeding application for writ. Court of appeals (12 courts) 69 judges that sit in 3 judge panels. The courts of appeals handle the same cases as the supreme courts and had the same amount of judges as the supreme courts. Courts of commons pleas (88 courts) this court has Jury trials for most of their cases. These courts handle the following: 394 Judges Tort, contract, real property (500- no max), administrative agency appeals, miscellaneous civil, exclusive, mental health, probate/estate. Exclusive domestic relations Felony, misdemeanors Exclusive juvenile Traffic/other violations (juveniles only) Municipal

Brueggemanns Bridge Between Form Criticism of The Psalms, Theology and Spirituality Theology Religion

‘Form Criticism' of the Psalms has been around for less than a hundred years. Prior to 1920's study use of the Psalms was pretty much limited to a ‘historical-critical' approach and a ‘Christological' approach. That is Ââ€" the establishing of who wrote what and why and the reading of psalms within the context of ‘Christ', respectively. To fully appreciate how Brueggemann builds these bridges between form criticism, theology and spirituality we will first look at a basic understanding of the foundations of form criticism onto which Brueggemann offered his new schema. Secondly we shall look at Brueggemann's schema and how he builds and develops these bridges into theology and spirituality. Finally we shall be reflecting on ‘Christian spirituality' That is; we shall be reflecting on how this schema helps us in our engagement with secular spirituality with particular reference to the area of ‘urban hip-hop' and ‘new punk'. I am basing my understanding and f ramework of spirituality on the work of Bob Mayo in his work ‘Making Sense of Generation Y' (2006). In it he proposes that spirituality can be understood in two ways Ââ€" Formative spirituality; that is a level of spiritual understanding and awareness that everyone is born with and everyone has. And secondly transformative spirituality; that is a level of spiritual understanding and awareness that builds on formative spirituality into having a personal and communal outworking. And so in answering ‘How does Brueggemann build bridges between form criticism of the Psalms, theology and spirituality?' I shall be addressing spirituality in a Christian transformative understanding and from a secular formative spirituality understanding. THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORM CRITICISM As stated earlier it wasn't until the 1920's and the work of Hermann Gunkel, and his student Sigmund Mowinkel, that form criticism really started. Gunkel and Mowinkel observed that the Psalms only really had a very limited framework of approaches and styles Ââ€" The Hymn, Communal Lament, Individual Lament, Royal Psalms and Individual Thanksgiving. Further work identified five further, less common categories of Psalm Ââ€" Communal Thanksgiving, Wisdom, Pilgrimage, Entrance Liturgies and finally Mixed Poems .

Septic Shock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Septic Shock - Essay Example The patient’s skin appears warm, dry and flushed. I called the resident-on-call to report these deviations in the vital signs, and he ordered 2 intravenous boluses of NSS (normal saline solution) 500cc and oxygen administration of 2 liters per minute via nasal prongs (NP). There is no order for serum lactate measurement or arterial blood gas analysis. There are also no orders for blood culture, blood chemistry, or even antibiotics. Four hours after surgical ICU admission, my patient was still in high fever, having a systolic BP of 75 mmHg, HR of 145 per minute, RR of more than 40 breaths per minute, low oxygen saturation, decreased LOC (level of consciousness) and decreased urine output (see table 1 for summary of the trend). I called the resident-on-call again, but there was no response. I called the RRT (rapid response team) instead. See the following Table for the trend: Vital Signs 2 hours later 4 hours later BP 75/40 mmHg 75 mmHg systolic HR 130 per minute 145 per minute RR 30 per minute 40 per minute Oxygen Saturation 88% It would appear that this was not recognized appropriately as management of the patient did not improve the cardiovascular status. Within the four-hour span of surgical ICU admission, most assessment, diagnostic procedures, medical and evaluation necessary for septic shock management were absent, and there was only two hours remaining for the 6-hour crucial period of the Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle. Case Outline In a normal physiology, the three components of blood circulation compensate each other to maintain the normal circulation, which are the heart, the vascular tone and the blood volume in maintaining adequate systemic perfusion. For example, if there is inadequate circulating blood volume, the baroreceptors of the aortic arch will signal the heart to increase the heart rate to raise blood pressure. Other organs in the circulation, like the kidneys, will compensate as well, like the activation of rennin-angiotensin-aldostero ne system, which will also increase the vascular tone and stimulate fluid retention. When these compensatory mechanisms fail to maintain an effective systemic perfusion, shock occurs as a result (Black & Hawks, 2005). The inadequacy of systemic perfusion in septic shock is only an aftermath of the systemic effects of microorganisms present in the body, whether it is in the bloodstream (septicemia) or localized infection. A number of risk factors are associated with septic shock: age, co-existing infection, co-existing hepatic, renal and heart failure, decreased white blood cells, unknown source of infection, corticosteroid use, and retention of foreign body in the system (Leibovici et al, 1997; Labelle et al, 2008; Annane et al, 2003; Brun-Buisson et al, 1995). It is uncertain whether infection occurred from the patient’s previous abdominal surgery or otherwise. Black and Hawks (2005) gives an excellent pathophysiology of septic shock. The invading pathogen releases endotoxin s which generates a myriad of reactions in the body. One is the activation of kinins, specifically bradykinin, which is the main responsible for the hypovolemic state in septic shock since it causes vasodilation, decreasing blood pressure and venous return. When the offending microorganism is destroyed, tumor

Classical Films vs. Art Films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Classical Films vs. Art Films - Essay Example Two significant cinematographic modes defined by the methods of studio production and compliance with a set of related standards are classical Hollywood cinema and art film. Form the body of related research literature, it becomes clear that classical Hollywood cinema mode is that resting upon the set of traditions and stylistic devices descending for the Classical era of cinematography. Classical mode is distinguished by restricted ambiguity and uncertainty, resolution of the crises and moral dilemmas by the end of the narrative, visibility of causal relationships. This approach is marked by the technical means’ subordination to presentation of events and by decreased value of the motion picture as an artefact: it is the content of the narrative that draws primary attention, with the plot-related questions emerging in the viewers’ minds. Development of the narrative is usually logical, clear and occurs in the chronological order, while the scenes are glued together sea mlessly creating a smooth flow supported by appropriate music scores. The described characteristics of the classical cinema mode are derived from the function cinema is expected to perform within this mode: classical Hollywood cinematographic products are intended to entertain the audience, with the key stress being placed on action. In order to insure completion of this task, production process uses technical aspects such as lighting, mise-en-scene, music score and cinematographic properties making the comprehension of the narration easier.

Rabies Virus Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rabies Virus - Research Paper Example The RNP complex along with the the viral RNA is comprised â€Å"of the proteins L (transcriptase), N (nucleoprotein), and NS (transcriptase-associated)† (Rupprecht). â€Å"These aggregate in the cytoplasm of virus-infected neurons and compose Negri bodies, the characteristic histopathologic finding of rabies virus infection. The M (matrix) and G (glycoprotein) proteins are associated with the lipid envelope. The G protein forms the protrusions that cover the outer surface of the virion envelope and is the only rabies virus protein known to induce virus-neutralizing antibody† (Rupprecht). Rabies virus can be either the fixed type or street (wild type) (Rupprecht). Incubation period In dogs, the incubation period is usually 3-6 weeks but it may range from 10 days to a year. In man, the incubation period is usually from 1-3 months though it may be as short as 10 days or as long as 3 years. Incubation period is usually short in persons bitten on the face or head and long in those bitten on the legs. Incubation period is shorter in children. (Ananthnarayanan) Reservoirs of infection and host range The rabies virus infects a wide range of hosts, including dogs and cats, raccoons, coyotes, skunks, foxes, bats, and human beings. Any warm-blooded animal can be infected with rabies; however, some animals like wolves, foxes, and coyotes are more susceptible (Ananthnarayanan) Transmission About 99.8% of reported cases of rabies are due to bites of animals. The â€Å"other forms of transmission that have been reported includes contamination of mucous membranes, faulty vaccines, corneal transplants, and aerosol transmission† (Rupprecht) Signs and symptoms Rabies virus affects primarily the central nervous system, and causes an acute infection. In humans, there are five clinical stages: â€Å"the incubation period, prodrome, acute neurologic period, coma, and death† (Rupprecht) The prodromal period usually lasts from 2 to 10 days and clinical sympt oms are first noticed during this stage. The symptoms may include fever, general malaise, fatigue, cough, sore throat, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dysphagia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, irritability, vertigo, headache, anxiety, nervousness and apprehension (Rupprecht). Some significant features like â€Å"insomnia, nightmares, depression, increased agitation, photophobia, priapism, and increased libido, may also occur† (Rupprecht). In that case, it suggests the presence of psychiatric disturbances encephalitis, or other brain abnormalities (Rupprecht). A pathognomonic feature in the acute neurologic period is difficulty in drinking together with intense thirst. Attempts to drink brings painful spasms of pharynx and larynx, producing choking that patients later develop a dread for even the sight or sound of water (hydrophobia) (Scheld & Whitley) In the acute neurologic period, the disease is categorized as dumb rabies if paralysis is the main clinical feature and as fur ious rabies if the symptom of hydrophobia is the main clinical feature. Both types of rabies may show signs like â€Å"focal and generalized convulsions, muscle fasciculations, hyperventilation, paresthesia, hypersalivation and nuchal rigidity† (Rupprecht) After the acute neurologic period ends, the patient may develop a rapid, irregular type of breathing. Very soon, paralysis and coma develops. Unless ventilator support is instituted, the patient may

Mark Zuckerberg The Founder Facebook Media Essay

Mark Zuckerberg The Founder Facebook Media Essay Facebook is a famous free social networking website that allows registered users to create their own profiles, upload photos and video, as well as send messages and chat with friends, family and colleagues. Friends and family members can now connect anywhere with each other in a network of relationships, sharing photos and videos, sending emails or message, playing trivia quizzes and games, and generally having casual day-to-day contact that is often difficult due to geographical distances and busy lifestyles. Facebook is now available in more than 100 different languages [1] which come from great works of volunteer translators all around the world. By using Facebooks innovative Translations application, all phrases and words in Facebook are translated into several major language on earth such as Spanish, Franà §ais, German, Italiano, and etc [2]. Mark Zuckerberg, 23, founded Facebook while he was studying psychology at Harvard University [3]. Majoring in computer programming, Mr Zuckerberg developed a number of social-networking websites for fellow students, including Coursematch, which allowed the users to view people taking their degree, and Facemash,[4] where you could rate peoples attractiveness. In February 2004 Mr Zuckerberg launched The Facebook,[5] as it was the original name taken from the sheets of paper distributed to freshmen, profiling students and staff. Within 24 hours, 1,200 Harvard students had signed up, and after one month, over half of the undergraduate population had a profile.[6] As of September 2006, the network was extended beyond educational institutions to anyone with a registered email address and over the age of 13. According to Facebooks Press Room, the social networking site currently has over 400 million active users The site remains free to join, and makes a profit through advertising revenue. Yahoo and Google are among companies which have expressed interest in a buy-out, with huge figures of around $2bn ( £975m) being discussed. However, Mr Zuckerberg has so far refused to sell Facebook[6]. Features Facebooks users can create their own profiles with photos, lists of personal interests, contact information and other personal information. Chatting with friends and other users can be done through private or public messages or a chat feature. Users can also create and join interest and fan groups, some of which are maintained by organizations as a means of advertising. To combat privacy concerns, Facebook enables users to choose their own privacy settings and choose who can see what parts of their profile. Upload photos is one of the most popular applications on Facebook. Users can upload their favorite photos to their album, tag friends or family members who in the photos and comment on the photos [7]. The people who are being tagged are available to view the photos and give comment on the photos. Another feature of Facebook is users can upload and share their video clips on Facebook [8]. Video clips can be either uploaded via users personal computer or linked to YouTube website. Furthermore, viewers are allowed to comment and tag friends or family members on the video clips. Status updates also one of the most favorite applications used among Facebook users, which allows users to post their current mind or message to be shared with friends in Facebook [9]. They can share their current status such as feelings, whereabouts, actions and relationship in the post. In turn, friends can respond the message by giving comments on the posters status. Users can also click Like button to show that they are enjoying reading or agree with the message posted. Moreover, Facebook allows users to create and join their own favorite groups or clubs. Groups are used for discussions and events etc. Groups are a way of allowing Facebook users to come together to share common interest and discuss specific subjects. Its interface and framework allow a user to spread news and information virally as quick as any social bookmarking service [10]. Besides that, users can upload photos and video to the group to be shared. On April 5, 2008, Facebook pre-released Facebook Chat [11]. This attractive feature of Facebook enables users to live chat with another via Facebook. Although users are only able to chat with their Facebook friends and on a one-to-one basis, the user may chat with multiple friends simultaneously through separate chat interfaces. It is a simple and easy application and need not to install any software in order to send instant message. In order to improve the quality of instant message, Facebook developer announced that they are working o n XMPP support, allowing hundreds of instant messaging clients to interoperate with the service [12]. Another reason why Facebook can be popular is the website equipped with a lot of interesting games and quizzes. The fun thing is that users can play with friends online, rather than just a stranger never met. However, they can choose to meet new friends if they like. In the game, the players moves and scores are saved in the website. A friend list is shown during the game to inform that users friends are playing the specify games too. In order to play game in Facebook, the Adobe Flash Player plug-in is required to be installed on the browser [13]. Adobe Flash Player is one of the most common software and it is download for free, so playing all the games in Facebook is not a problem for most users. Future of Facebook and Recommendations Facebooks advertising revenue appears to still be growing high. We estimate that the company will bring in up to $1.1 billion this year(2010). Subsequent reports have quotes sources saying the company could reach $2 billion[14]. In the future, Facebook would be the next top advertising medium. Facebook is free to users and it generates revenue from advertising, such as banner ads [15]. With the huge growing number of users, Facebook has an opportunity to become a first search engine in the internet world that combines both social and real time results. Besides that, Facebook is replacing the need to many instant messenger services provided by such companies as ICQ, Yahoo Messenger and Windows Live Messenger [16]. That is undeniable because Facebook is launching a simple instant messenger service built into the site interface that is going to allow users to communicate just like users do with Windows Live Messenger [16]. Although its interface looks simple, it is easy and need not ins tall to be used. In the future, the Facebook developer is working on XMPP support which can improve the quality of instant messenger in Facebook website. [1]http://www.globalbydesign.com/blog/2009/03/17/facebook-from-1-to-100-languages-in-two-years/ [2]http://www.insidefacebook.com/2008/04/02/now-you-can-help-translate-facebook-into-any-language/ [3]http://www.businessinsider.com/how-facebook-was-founded-2010-3#we-can-talk-about-that-after-i-get-all-the-basic-functionality-up-tomorrow-night-1 [4] http://atypicaljoe.com/index.php/site/comments/facemash_facebook/ [5] http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118539991204578084.html?mod=googlenews_wsj [6] http://knol.google.com/k/facebook/ [7] http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=2406207130 [8] http://mashable.com/2007/05/24/facebook-video-launches/ [9] http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1885010,00.html [10] http://www.webanalyticsworld.net/2007/09/successful-facebook-groups.html [11] http://techcrunch.com/2008/04/06/facebook-chat-enters-pre-release-beta/ [12] http://developers.facebook.com/news.php?blog=1story=110 [13] http://hybridhacking.com/node/35 [14] http://www.insidefacebook.com/2010/03/30/facebooks-revenues-grow-but-financial-market-expectations-grow-even-faster/ [15] http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9588_22-147857.html [16] http://www.blogohblog.com/the-future-of-facebook/

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: What It Is and My Own Personal Struggle :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: What It Is and My Own Personal Struggle Everyone, especially college students (and their professors), gets a little worn out sometimes. Even weeks before vacations begin, students start counting down the days until they get to finally sleep in and forget about the stresses of life for awhile. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, however, is vastly different. It is a debilitating disorder that can prohibit the sufferer from accomplishing even the most basic, everyday tasks. The symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome are various. The most obvious are constant tiredness and feeling easily exhausted. Other symptoms include frequent headaches, joint and muscle pain, chills without a high fever, depression, difficulty with concentration, and tender lymph glands. Because many of these symptoms are common to other illnesses, it makes Chronic Fatigue Syndrome all the more difficult to categorize and diagnose (1). While Chronic Fatigue Syndrome has only recently gained publicity, it isn't a new problem. What is new is its name. Researchers chose the name because it is believed that the illness is not one single disease but a culmination of many factors (1). It is believed that at least two thirds of people suffering from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome are women, primarily Caucasian women of a middle class socioeconomic background. Most people with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome relate the onset of it to a particular infection, which most often includes respiratory or gastrointestinal illness, influenza, bronchitis, sore throats, colds or diarrhea, mononucleosis, hepatitis, or jaundice. In my case, I was diagnosed after a series of having Strep Throat three times over the course of one winter. Most people recover completely from these infections, as I did, however are left feeling very weak, tired, and depressed even long after other symptoms of the infections have disappeared (2). A common factor in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is allergy. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients have twice the number of allergic skin reactions as people without the illness (2). I've always suffered from allergies as a child, and at one point had psoriasis, a skin condition. Such experiences are not uncommon amongst people with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Various studies have been conducted concerning the immune systems of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and differences have been found between sufferers of the illness and healthy individuals. Several studies have shown that certain aspects of the immune system in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome sufferers behave abnormally. For example, the body produces two chemicals called Interleukin—2 and Gamma Interferon, for the purpose of battling against cancer and infectious agents.

Language Learning in Early Childhood Essay

Early childhood education and early schooling for young children usually starts at the age of three; however, language learning for all human begins at the very early age. Many new born babies start to communicate with meaningless words like pa and ba; perhaps, it is the first stage they want to begin learning how to speak. The question arises with a grappling impression of why it happens, and what pushes them to superfluously generalize those meaningless sounds. The reason behind this amazing issue is what has engaged many psychologists and linguists all over the area of language research projects around the world. Beginning to simply answer this question, Lightbown and Spata (2010), state that in very early stages children produce a specific group of repeated words to convey their thoughts: for example, a comfortable baby frequently repeats cooing and gurgling; however it is not the case with a hungry child. Moreover, they assert that the process of learning to communicate falls into different sequential stages, which is the focus of this paper. According to Lightbown and Spata (2010), as children grow up, the sense for communication eagerly start to discover many features of the language that gives them the idea of how meaning relationships are created through the language. A twelve years old month baby exactly knows the meaning of cookies; he/she is still unable to use an appropriate language to ask questions about that. To state the matter differently, the linguistic cognitive development gradually unfolds the puzzle of how language is manipulated to express ideas. Many children who could not produce correct grammatical utterances, they would learn that in later years as they hear complete sentences from the environment they live. Vygotsky (1976) (citing Lightbown and Spata, 2010), believes that a great deal of children language is acquired through interactions with families and friends; however, B. F Skinner, and American psychologist, explain the acquisition of language in term of behaviorism that marks learning of a language as practice of reproducing what children hear or receive in daily conversation. In addition to these two theories, Noam Chomsky, a well-known figure in linguistics; argue that children are innately capable of learning language; though, the surrounded environment provides them with fundamental contributions that help them learn the basic language rules. Although learning a language is a natural process, but things get worst if we think about negative aspects of language acquisition. In attachment with some biological types of obstacles in acquiring a language like deafness, articulatory problems, and dyslexia, there is one last hurdle oppositely functioning in course of language learning, which is called bilingualism. Children who face a different language during school periods, it is too difficult for them to maintain their first language, and they often lose the normal range of their native language. In this case, children are said to be caught in a confusing dilemma. They haven’t completely learned their native language not have been learning the other one. â€Å"To deal with the problem, we suggest the maintenance of the first language while a second language is being learned† (Lightbown and Spata. 2010, p 26). Indeed, it is concluded that language learning is a series of interconnected stages which is progressed within the first three years of child’s age. Many psychologists and Linguists have presented different ideas about language acquisition; however, they only partially understand about how language is learned. Besides, since Language is a social phenomenon, it must be the result of some interactive means of communication between human beings. Children have some kind of innate capacities that predispose them not only learn their native language but also enables them to learn languages that are spoken in the place they live.

Irish history Essay

Rose Fitzgerald – wife of Joseph Kennedy, Sr. and matriarch of a U. S. political dynasty – was born of a proud Boston Irish family. Her last name however betrays origins that were other than Irish. In fact, the name â€Å"Fitz-Gerald† indicates that her first Irish ancestor to bear that name was the son of a Norman knight or nobleman who was begotten â€Å"in the wrong bed,† so to speak. Irish legends say that the island had been invaded several times before the arrival of the Celts around 250 B. C. E. (Austin, 2007). In historical times however, Ireland was virtually untouched for centuries; Romans never got to the island, nor did the early Germanic invaders that turned Romano-Celtic Britain into England starting around 450 C. E. By the time of the first Viking raid nearly 350 years later, the Celtic inhabitants of Ireland had retained their unique and ancient Celtic culture and language in a pure form for nearly a millennium. Even Christianity didn’t have a huge effect on the core culture, and there is evidence that suggests some druidic practices were integrated into early Celtic Christianity, which differed significantly from Roman Catholicism prior to the Council of Whitby (Griffin, 2000). Interestingly, Celtic languages historically are lost in the face of an invasion by a more aggressive culture. The Celtic language of Gaul was almost completely replaced by Latin, and in the face of Germanic invaders from the Continent, Brythonic (Welsh and Cornish) and Scots Gaelic retreated into the mountainous fringe of Britain. However, Scandinavians (from whom Normans were descended) invading Gaelic-speaking Ireland ultimately wound up adopting the language and the culture. This is probably due less to the durability of Irish culture than it is to Scandinavian adaptability. Wherever Scandinavian Vikings conquered and settled – from Russia to Normandy, or around the Mediterranean – they eventually became assimilated by the culture and language of those they had conquered. In the case of the early Norsemen, political conquest and colonization of Ireland was not a primary goal. For the first two centuries, raids were conducted for the purpose of booty. Only later, starting in the tenth century, did Norse Vikings begin building their port cities – Dublin, Wexford, Waterford and Cork – and begin to settle in. The purposes of the towns were to serve as bases from which raids on England could be launched. Archaeological evidence suggests that over the following two centuries, the Norse who started to spread out into the countryside around their towns were â€Å"heavily Hibernicized† (Oxford Companion, 1999). In the case of the Anglo-Normans however, there were additional factors – political, social and environmental – that led to the decline of their dominance and subsequent assimilation into Irish culture. The first Anglo-Normans in Ireland actually arrived as mercenaries two years prior to the â€Å"official† date of 1169. They had been hired by the ousted King of Leinster, Dermot MacMurrough in order to reclaim his throne. At the time, their was a great deal of internecine warfare in Ireland at the time over the throne and title of High King, providing what was basically an opportunity for the bastard offspring of Norman knights who otherwise would remain landless. Anglo-Norman intervention began in earnest with the arrival of over five hundred fighters between May of 1169 and August of 1170 (Oxford Companion, 17). Eventually – and despite attempted intervention (with papal blessing) on the part of King Henry II, Norman families such as Le Gros, Prendergast, FitzStephen, FitzGerald, FitzHenry and Le Poer had secured virtual kingdoms for themselves by 1200 (Wikipedia, 2007). Events in Ireland during the early 13th Century eventually led to the dissolution of these Norman principalities as the native Gaelic-speaking Irish began to reassert themselves. Part of the reduction of Norman influence in Ireland had to do with inheritance laws; land was divided among all sons, not just the eldest, which led to the reduction in size and power of Norman lands. Periodic famines also served to reduce Norman power in Ireland. Over the next hundred and fifty years, two additional events led to the decline of Norman power in Ireland. First was the invasion of Scottish king Edward Bruce, who rallied the Gaelic nobility against the Sassunach. The other was the Black Death 0f 1347-1350. This plague reduced the population of Europe by a third. Urban dwellers – such as the Anglo-Normans of Ireland – were affected in much greater numbers than those living in the countryside, which was the case of Gaelic-speaking Irish. As the English-controlled areas became confined to the lands in and around Dublin (called â€Å"The Pale†), the Hiberno-Norman lords in the hinterlands began to adopt the Irish language, allying themselves with the native Irish in politics and warfare, and remained Catholic despite the Reformation (Barry, 1988) . This process of â€Å"Hibernicization† was well underway by 1400; it so troubled the English authorities in Dublin that they passed laws in 1367 in an attempt to stop those of English (Norman) descent from intermarrying with the Irish and adopting the language and culture. The statutes had little effect, however because of the Dublin government’s limited authority outside of The Pale. Archaeological evidence of Norman occupation of the Irish countryside includes the remains of numerous â€Å"mottes,† or remains of castles, scattered throughout the country. However, there are some places where Normans are indicated to have lived in written records such as the Irish Annals, where remains of these â€Å"mottes† are not found. It is possible that â€Å"ringworks† – earthen forts – may have been present in these areas (McNeill, 1999). An archaeological dig at Caherguillamore in County Limerick sheds some light on daily life in Ireland during the late Middle Ages. The construction and layout of the houses discovered in this area is similar to those on feudal Norman manors one would expect to find in France and England (Barry, 1988). They appear to be long houses with a central hearth, typical of Scandinavian construction which Normans retained long after becoming culturally and linguistically French. A coin found at the site from the reign of Edward I dates the houses’ construction to the decades on either side of 1300. There does not appear to have been any sort of genre as â€Å"Norman-Irish† or â€Å"Norman-Gaelic† literature, although the latter term was used in the 1940’s by Austin Clarke to describe poetry such as Feuch fein an obair-se a Aodh , which, while strongly Irish in its subject matter and structure, bears some resemblance to the â€Å"courtly love† poems of the French troubadours, which whom most Norman nobility would have had some familiarity with (Carney, 1955). This cross-pollination seems to have gone both ways; Bebedeit’s Voyage of Saint Brendan, dedicated to the wives of Henry I, was adapted from the Irish saga Navigatio Sanctis Brendani, an account of what may have been an early Irish voyage to North America in the 5th Century (Harper-Bill, 2003). Beyond this, there is little in the way of true â€Å"Anglo-Norman-Irish† literature or prose. According to an article in The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, there were three reasons for this. First of all, the vernacular language of Ireland – Irish Gaelic – was difficult for English speakers then as now, and very few inside The Pale would have bothered to learn it. Secondly, those Norman-English living within The Pale were busy trying to hold on to what they had in the face of rebellion by the native Gaels. The Third reason has to do with the entire assimilation issue: separated from their kinsmen in England and on the Continent, surrounded by native Irish speakers, it was inevitable that the Anglo Normans living outside The Pale should be drawn away from the Anglo-French literary traditions and into the Irish Gaelic forms (Bartleby, 2005). The Scandinavian influence – particularly that of the Normans – on European history can hardly be underestimated. The Vikings and their Norman descendants were a dynamic people who, for all their violent ways, created energetic societies wherever they went. Had William the Conqueror failed in 1066, English would presently sound a great like Dutch or German, and the socio-political landscape would look very different today. This energy may be exactly what has allowed Irish culture to survive, despite seven centuries of what was often harsh, cruel and even murderous oppression on the part of the Protestant English beginning around 1600. This vigorous culture was ultimately transplanted to the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In the U. S. especially, people of Irish descent read like a â€Å"Who’s Who† of American history. The fact that the Irish who came to the U. S. – who were initially despised and discriminated against violently – eventually rose to prominence and produced some of the greatest political leaders and literary figures in the nation owe their energy in part to the contribution of Scandinavians and their Anglo-Norman descendants. Works Cited The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. (1907–21). (Vol. XIV). The Oxford Companion to Irish History. (1999). ). Oxford: Oxford University Press A Companion To The Anglo Norman World.(2003). ). Suffolk: Boydell Press. Norman Ireland. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved 2 April 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Norman_Ireland Barry, T. B. (1988). The Archaeology of Medieval Ireland. London: Routledge. Carney, J. (1955). Studies in Irish Literature and History. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. Griffith, P. (2000). Celtic Cross Development. Retrieved 2 April 2007, from http://www. bluhorizonlines. org/cros/cros2. html Mcneill, T. (1999). Castles in Ireland: Feudal Power in a Gaelic World. London: Routledge.

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay Essays

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay Essays Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay Paper Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay Paper this concept was shown as Romeo cries out that everything is linked to fate, every action, every life and death was all believed to be linked to fate. Although it was Shakespeare who was created everything in the play, speech, death, love, including Romeos character. Behind the scenes for Romeo was Shakespeare who was playing his game. So Willium Shakespeare was Romeos fate. The Prolouge was set at the beginning of the play and we were told the summary of the play. We were told the plot of the play/storyline, A pair of star-crossed lovers. This implies two fated lovers against the law. The Prolouge also mentioning Two households, both alike in dignity ,. This emphasies two waring families both high in stature. From ancient grude to new munity, this infers that both famillies with an ancient grudge, and know comming to a new problem. We are told this at the start of the play because by doing this the audience gains an idea of the story and also to capture the audiences attention. The themes that are established in The Prolouge are love, violence and hate, all these themes are used in the play, as they are used in the small summary (The Prolouge). Act 1 Scene 1 starts by two servents from the house of Capulets, Sampson and Gregory teasing each other, talking about fighting servents of the Montagues The quarrel is between our masters and us their men. This demonstrates that their eager to fight. They were also talking about raping the Montague women, Me they shall feel while I am able to stand tis known, I am a pretty peice of flesh. This shows their sense of humour and how they like to say rude jokes. Initially the atmoshere is jolly with a jokey mood, this is shown by their reference to sexual inuemos mentioned above. But the mood quickely changes when two of the Montague servents, Balthasar and Abram, entered the play and approached closer to the Capulets. Sampson and Gregorys good-natured rivalry is immediatly converted to hostility. In this act and scene we learn a fair amount of information about Benvolio, his personality and his character. Benvolio is Romeos cousin, he is a solemn, sensitive young man whose name indicates his peace making role in the play. During this act and scene, Benvolio tries to make peace with the gang fight and fails. It also reaveals that Benvolio speaks the truth, whilst slightly backing his family(Montague) up. I do but keep the peace. Put up thy sword. This shows his character and person, what he is like. Not liking to stir up trouble, being his peaceful self. Tybalt enters half way through this scene. We learn a good amount of information about him, his character and especially aggresive personality and nature. As Tybalt enters the play, we learn that he is violent and certainly not peace loving as he mentions. What, drawn, anf talk of peace? I hate the word, as I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. This implies that Tybalt has a aggressive nature, this quote also shows how much he hates the Montagues. As he speaks slowly and cleary to the Montagues, truely expressing his feelings about them. The audience may feel like their prepare to watch a fight, as Tybalts entry builds up great tension around the audience. This scene ends when the prince of Verona appears and splits up the murderous brawl and gives them a threatning warning. If you ever disturb our streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. This infers on how serious, and angry the prince is, about their continued fighting in the street and even giving a death penalty as a warning to both Capulets and Montagues. The audience may start to calm down as the tension starts to drop, because of the arrival of the prince stopping the fight. Act 3 Scene 1. This scene is important as it comes half way through the play, Romeo and Juilet have been married. This is important to what is to follow. This scene plays a large majority of the play, as the audience are firstly indroduced to the main theme of violence of the play. A large fight is played and the characters expressions are all dramactically expressed. This scene is full of dramatic irony, as the audience knows that Romeo is married to Juilet anf that Tybalt is Romeos cousin through marrige. Tybalt doesnt realise this and is very eager to fight, because of the introdtion to the party that happened before. Romeo refuses to fight because of his marrige to Juilet. He is now Tybalts cousin. He cannot tell Tybalt the truth because of the feud between Capulets and Montagues. The audience know the truth and are interested in what will happen. At the start of the scene, the weather is hot causing people to be adjutated, Benvolio asks Mercutio to go home, because the Capulets are wandering around. I pray thee good Mercutio, lets retire. The day is hot, the Capulets abroad. This emphasises Benvolio is trying to keep the peace yet again, trying to avoid the sight of the Capulets, as he knows that trouble will stir up and they wont be able to escape once a fight starts. He is also trying to protect Mercutio from trouble, as Benvolio knows Mercutio character. On this scene we learn that Mercutio is a very humourous character, always making jokes and he seems to be very friendly with Benvolio, teasing him. But Benvolio always tries to keep every situation as calm as possible, incase anything gets out if order. Mercutio also, tries to include Benvolio on how Italy is feeling Thy head is a full of quarrels as an egg is full of meat, and yet thy head hath been beaten as addle as an egg for quarrelling. This implies Mercutio is trying to include Benvolio in the family struggles, because he wants to make Benvolio same as anyone else keeping him on his side. At the start of the scene the atmoshere is similar to the beginning to act 1 scene 1, when Benvolio and Mercutio is joking and teasing each other, but Benvolio tries to keep the stituation calm and peaceful as possible. The audience would probaly feel sorry of Benvolio as by now they should realise that Benvolios peace making role is a lost cause. The atmoshere immediatly changes as soon as Tybalt and his men enter the play, it changes because the audience already knows what Tybalt is like and what the outcome will be, violence. As soon as Tybalt is caught in sight of Mercutio and Benvolio, Benvolio says By my head, here come the Capulets. This demonstrates how instantly worried he is. But Mercutio replies to him By my heel, I care not. This emphasises on how Mercutio is cocky, arrogant and doesnt care about the Capulets and Tybalt. Mercutio also knows that theres a crowed around and even whilst Tybalt and his men has arrived armed, Mercutio seems to try and stir it up even more, by being a showman, causing a comedy show and jokes as though he doesnt care. In behaviour, Mercutio is like Tybalt, someone who is easily angered and who likes to fight. He feels that Tybalt has insulted Romeo and Romeo allowed him to. A fight is the last thing Romeo wants, as Mercutio is his friend and Tybalt is now his kinsman. When Tybalt kills Mercutio it creates tension as the audience wait to see how Romeo will act. The mood becomes tense again because Romeo enters the scene. Another dramatic irony was included in this scene, as the audience knows that Tybalt is looking for Romeo and they know that violence will occur once Tybalt sees Romeo. As Romeo gets into a duel with Tybalt, Mercutio is concerned about Romeos fencing, O calm, dishourable, vile submission ! . This implies how Mercutio cant believe that Romeo isnt fighting back and is also confused on why hes not. After this Romeo is trying to keep the peace Gentle Mercutio put thy rapier up,. This demonstrates, that Romeo is trying to stop Mercutios actions from getting into trouble. Also mentioning about the penalties Tybalt, Mercutio, the prince expressly hath, Forbid this bandying in Verona streets. . This is infers Romeo is trying to part the fight whilst also protecting Mercutio, Mercutio knows hell be punished and yet he still fights for Romeo. And the result of this lead to his death, as Mercutio and Tybalt fight, Romeo got in the way allowing Tybalt to thurst his sword in Mercutio. Mercutio blames both families, as he is no Montague or Capulet. I am hurt; A plague on both your houses ! I am sped. In this scene he repeats A plague on both your houses ! three times. This implies he is cursing both families, hes wounded and about to die, the fact hes saying it three times emphasises his, fear and anger. And during Shakesperean times, three times meant bad luck. Romeos reaction when Mecutio dies is important. My very friend hath got his mortal hurt In my behalf my reputation staind With Tybalts slander. He sees that he is responsible for his death and his love for Juilet has made him less of an man. O sweet Juilet Thy beauty hath made me effeminate And in my temper softend valourss steel ! Tybalt returns and the audience want to know what Romeo will now do, take revenge. We also know that The Prince has threatened to punish with death anyone who fights. Shakespeare brought The Prince back to remind the audience the consequences that will occur. Romeo is very angry, fire-eyed fury be my conduct now and fights with Tybalt and kills him. This tells us how angry Romeo is, mentioning the word fire-eyed fury, fust as if he has fire in his eyes. The audience knows that this is disastorious for both Romeo and Juliet. He has killed Tybalt, Juliets cousin and also, faces The Princes Punishments. Shakespeare again keeps the audience interested in what will happen next. After Romeo has killed Tybalt, Shakespeare uses Benvolio to remind the audience of the danger Romeo is now in. He tells Romeo to fly away, be gone and reminds us all of what the prince will do, the prince will doom thee death If thou art taken. This infers that The Prince will execute him. Romeos language is important. His final words remind the audience of the opening Prolouge to the play that spoke of two star-crossed lovers. Yet again, after Romeo causes a brash action (killing Tybalt) he blames someone else than himself. I am fortunes fool, this infers that he feels that fate is against him, because he wanted went downhill and people had a strong fate in god at Shakesperean times. Romeo leaves and Shakespeare has now created a tension because the audience await The Prince and wonder what will become of Romeo and Juliet. When The Prince arrives, the discussion between Benvolio and The Prince is important, as it changes Romeos destiny. The prince seeks the fight starters Benvolio, who began this bloody fray. Knowing that Benvolio will always tell the truth, even though hell get his family in trouble. Lady Capulet doesnt care, I beg for justice, which thou, Prince must give, Romeo slew Tybalt; Romeo must not live. . This emphasises that she only wants Romeo to die. Also another reason why the disscussion between Benvolio and The Prince tis important , And for that offence Immediatly we do exile him hence . This implies The Princes punichment has changed, banishing Romeo instead of killing. The change wouldnt have happened if it wasnt for Benvolio. Act 5 scene 3, so far Romeo has been informed of the catastrophe of his bride Juliet. In order to avoid Juliet getting married to Paris, Juilet fakes her death for a short period of time, which occured in ant 4 scene 4. This scene Act 5 scene 3 is important beacause it is the very last scene, and the audience will be eager to await for the finale. It is also because this is the part of the play where both of the main characters (Romeo and Juliet) dies. In this last act and scene, we learn a very great deal about Romeos character. We learn that he is very irrational and could be very violent. I dont think he manages to live up to the stereotype of the Romantic, because I think Romeos mood effects his speech, and especially the way he acts. At one speech in this scene he says By heaven, I will tear thee joint by joint and strew this hungry churchyard with thy limbs. This demonstrates how violent Romeos mind could come up and heaven do. The theme of violence is so important beacause, it alternates hte storyline of the play multiple times and also changer the behavior and roles of the characters. The violence can be most memorable, because violence is exiciting, it grabs the audiences attention and it adds unpredictabililty to the play. Violence stirs up peoples emotions, causes shock, distress, and it is often unexpected. The audience like to watch contrasting characters good vs bad. I think at the end of each scene the audience would be thinking what will happen next, beacause Shakespeare makes every act and scene interesting and reminding for us.