Book Design in Self Publishing - Breaking New Ground

Book Design in Self Publishing - Breaking New Ground Book Design in Self-Publishing: Breaking New Ground Independently publishing is frequently about pushing the limits, and this is the thing that today’s meet is about. The Perfect Capital by Karen Healey Wallace isn’t simply any independently published book, it is one whose plan is imbued into its very being, both through the story it tells and through its refined format and typography.The Perfect Capital has really kicked off something new and was selected for Best British Book Award Shortlist and Best Editorial Design Award Shortlist 2014. We  spoke to Karen about the motivation behind the book, it’s plan, and typographer Eric Gill’s job in the story. For the individuals who love video, simply hit play. On the off chance that you lean toward pictures with an altered book, feast your eyes on the content and words below.â€Å"Book creation in the possession of scholars ought to make books nobody’s done, nobody’s even longed for. Since they come unhampered out of your imagination.† Kare n Healey WallaceWelcome Karen it’s extraordinary to have you with us, to begin with, would you be able to please disclose to me somewhat more about you idea of book creation in the possession of authorsHi! Well it seems nonsensical to me that books in the possession of writers aren’t the best books available. There was an age when ‘vanity publishing’, as they called it at that point, was the high-finish of the market and the possibility that a writer can see their book through precisely how they would have preferred it, should create the most lovely books. So it appears to me a peculiar inconsistency that a ton of independently publishing currently appears junk - bunches of Print-On-Demand books, regularly with typographical mistakes and so on - yet it doesn’t should be that way and it shouldn’t be! So I trust that The Perfect Capital is a pathfinder for additional books like this.Please give us what the book resembles! It’s all in all an object†¦Well to begin with, here’s the spine - the spine title has supplanted the collator’s marks which was presumably probably the most daring thing I did in light of the fact that you can’t really observe the title by any stretch of the imagination. I settled on the official choice that individuals don’t settle on book decisions from 15 feet away, they as a rule walk straight ready and see whether they need it.A brief foundation around how this thing appeared: The Perfect Capital is a bit of scholarly fiction. It’s around one woman’s mission to locate the ideal letter type of the typographer Eric Gill (1882-1940). So the story weaves in that character’s imaginative revelations, which takes a gander at Eric Gill’s genuine engravings in London. This is woven into the opposite side of the story line where a good old character (Maud) falls in with the most blemished man (Edward). The fiction and account is situated in G ill himself: I took the ideal craftsman and put him in one character; and afterward I put the other piece of Gill as an exceptionally defective man into another character.That was initially where I was going to leave it†¦ What I didn’t acknowledge would happen was put impeccably by Beatrice Ward who said that â€Å"Either the entire man comes up, or probably the tweezers slip†. It was everything or nothing. I totally encountered that in my relationship, so I got myself incapable to single out. I was composing the structure brief for the book and the book when I realized I would have been independently publishing it, the book actually showed up full grown in my mind. While I needed to discover a planner and a printer, I very expected to present that brief since I knew precisely what I needed, I simply expected to discover the individuals to make it happen.Talk us through the point of view of making the bookThe decent thing is that in spite of the fact that I wound up making something extraordinary, I never chose to make something exceptional: I didn’t plunk down and state â€Å"this will be an extremely lovely book†. My solitary choice was to make a book that was completely directly for my story. The ideal book in my brain isn’t only an ad for the story that’s inside it, it really recounts to the story from the second you pick it up.Because I didn’t comprehend what I was doing, I was in the dazzling situation to make the book that I decided to make, as opposed to make the book that show or apparatus would permit. It’s having the thought and saying â€Å"how would i be able to make this work† as opposed to knowing how things work and constraining your plans to that. I realized that I needed a sort just book that fit with my story. The book is obviously in paper and not in stone, however it has a sentiment of stone. It’s extremely straightforward and feels like a workmanship book and clear ly the story is about a craftsman inside.service@reedsy.com to guarantee your markdown!

Doing Drastic Procedures to Create a Certain Appearance Essay

Doing Drastic Procedures to Create a Certain Appearance - Essay Example Today, one of the most pervasive changes is the purported â€Å"physical change.† This relates to the appearance change of certain individuals. Any individual who needs to encounter this can either choose the â€Å"natural way† or the â€Å"scientific way.† The common technique is one that is finished with sweat and tolerance. A model would be, doing a few types of activity, for example, running and biking to accomplish the appearance that an individual needs. This involves one to show restraint since it would require some investment to accomplish the pointed appearance. Then again, the logical route alludes to the intense technique selected by some for quicker outcomes. There are numerous causes why a few people want to go through this sort of strategy. The idea of one’s occupation and birth abandons are a portion of the broadly adequate legitimate reasons as against absence of fearlessness. To begin with, experiencing the logical path because of the idea of one’s employment is a reasonable reason. The most clear model is the activity of on-screen characters and on-screen characters or the specialists in media outlets. It is irrefutable that physical appearance is their most important resource as a craftsman. It is the artist’s physical look that is consistently in the spot light. Individuals see them in TV, motion pictures, papers and in the Internet. Physical appearance is an incredible factor as a performer. It is pivotal to their activity. People consistently incline toward whatever is satisfying to their eyes. It is their first premise. Early introduction matters in media outlets.

Colonial Canadian Shakespeare Essay examples -- William Shakespeare

1 Pioneer Canadian Shakespeare: West Meets East at Stratford In his paper â€Å"The Regional Theater System†, Czarnecki gets on the test of making a national performance center in Canada, yet additionally explains the focal and characterizing challenge in building up a brought together feeling of Canadian personality; Canada, on account of its enormous range from sea to sea, is definitely separated into areas unmistakable from their common limits. The local limits which recognize the Maritimes as unmistakable from French Canada and the Prairies as particular from the West Coast, for instance, infer geographical, yet in addition social, social and political contrasts between these locales. Since Canada is a country conceived from British government, the provincial relationship that exists even today among Canada and Britain is obvious, however this pilgrim relationship is in no way, shape or form uniform across Canada. The distinctive territorial perspectives towards Britain and Canada’s pioneer history got clear to me when, as a Western Canadian, I saw a creation of Hamlet in Central Canada: at the Stratford Celebration in Stratford, Ontario. This creation served to represent that Shakespeare fills in as a standard by which to quantify the pilgrim connections between guaranteed Canadian locale and the British Crown; thusly Shakespeare additionally assists with enlightening the inconsistencies between these various locales according to Canada’s frontier history. The Stratford Festival, whose command is to â€Å"produce, to the best expectations conceivable, the best works of theater in the traditional and contemporary collection, with 2 extraordinary accentuation on crafted by William Shakespeare†, has become the spot in Canada to see creations of Shakespeare. As Cza... ...particle to the creation of Hamlet was just additional evidence, in any case, that Shakespeare’s notable situation in Canadian culture begins in our mutual frontier history. Adjustments of Shakespeare are recounting territorial contrasts, which is just the case since Canada also is established in Shakespeare’s home nation. 6 Works Cited: Czarnecki, Mark. â€Å"The Regional Theater System.† Contemporary Canadian Theater: New World Visions. Ed. Anton Wagner. Toronto: Simon and Pierre, 1985. 35- 48. Fischlin, Daniel and imprint Fortier. â€Å"General Introduction.† Adaptations of Shakespeare. Eds. Daniel Fischlin and Mark Fortier. London: Routledge, 2000. 1-22. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Susanne Wofford. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1994. Full creation subtleties of the Stratford Festival’s 2000 creation of Hamlet accessible at http://www.paulgross.org/theatreindex.html#hamlet

Post-colonial literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Post-frontier writing - Essay Example He experienced childhood in Leeds, England, and read English at Queen's College, Oxford. He is the writer of six books, a few books of verifiable and has composed for film, theater, radio and TV. Quite a bit of his composition - both fiction and verifiable - has concentrated on the heritage of the Atlantic slave exchange and its ramifications for the African Diaspora. John Maxwell Coetzee, 1940, South African writer, b. John Michael Coetzee. Taught at the Univ. of Cape Town (M.A. 1963) and the Univ. of Texas (Ph.D. 1969), he educated in the United States and got back (1983) to turn into an educator of English writing at Cape Town. He moved to Australia in 2002. A few of Coetzee's books are noted for their articulate dissent against political and social conditions in South Africa, especially the enduring brought about by government, politically-sanctioned racial segregation, and postapartheid savagery. His books are likewise known for their specialized virtuosity. Intersection the waterway has to do with dark individuals battling for their opportunity. It has to do with subjugation and the contrasts among highly contrasting. That is the thing that the book is about obviously just the author makes various circumstances in each different story, which makes it additionally intriguing to peruse, however it likewise shows the various parts of 'crossing the waterway'. In the prologue to the story the purported 'father' informs the peruser concerning how he sold his three youngsters: Nash, Martha and Travis. (A urgent silliness. The harvests fizzled. I sold my youngsters.). This announcement of the essayist has a confounding significance. Question would emerge who is taking Why does somebody do something like this To others it isn't adequate yet the clarification of the individual conveying this announcement can be comprehended as we oblige this writing. The main story is titled 'The Pagan Coast'. The story is about Nash. Nash Williams is a faithful slave. His lord is Edward Williams and he is a liberal ace. Edward Williams, as well, is blame ridden. At age 29, he acquires his dad's bequest, including 300 slaves. Worried to even now his still, small voice, Williams instructs them and trains the best and most brilliant to become ministers. He likewise shows an overabundance of love for his young male slaves, particularly to Nash Williams who calls E dward Father, marking letters from Liberia, Your child. (J. Griffin). He made it feasible for every one of his captives to get training. There are a few slaves who are grumbling of for the out of line treatment to them by Williams. This is the explanation that most slaves needed to break free and 'cross the stream' is that they were dealt with so awfully. With Nash it was unique. He was dealt with well overall,

Genre Kryptonite Novels of Female Friendship

Genre Kryptonite Novels of Female Friendship This is a guest post by our current Rioter in Residence, Kevin Smokler. Kevin  is the author of forthcoming essay collection  Practical Classics: 50 Reasons to Reread 50 Books you Haven’t Touched Since High School(Prometheus Books, Feb. 2013) and the editor of  Bookmark Now: Writing in Unreaderly Times, A San Francisco Chronicle Notable Book of 2005. His work has appeared in the LA Times, Fast Company, Paid Content, The San Francisco Chronicle, Publishers Weekly and on National Public Radio. Follow him on  Twitter  @weegee. _________________________ I’ve never thought the purpose of reading fiction was to “relate” to the tale being told or see myself in the characters. I did read Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing about 65 times as a young boy because, like Peter Hatcher, I too had annoying little brothers. High Fidelity was my jam about a decade ago, right as I developed an interest in collecting vinyl. But really, is that all? Novels can give you a hug, and sometimes we need that. But more often, I’m reading to have my worldview grow, not to be patted on the back. Where this is probably most obvious is in my odd fondness for stories of women and their friendships with each other. I have read Waiting to Exhale around 11 times and was terribly sad and angry that the sequel Getting to Happy fell about 9 leagues short of the original. Sula was my sand bar in the ocean of Toni Morrison’s literary accomplishment. I received each successive volume of the Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants from my dad. I can tell you How To Make an American Quilt and a thing or two about Girls in Trucks. And J. Courtney Sullivan and Curtis Sittenfeld are my homegirls, if you really want to know. The why is both simple and not so. I came from a family of all brothers and bloomed late, so women are newer to me than, say, if I had sisters or went to Vassar for college. I like to read dialogue, and (gasp) novels featuring women friends involve a lot of sitting around and talking. After you go through a few of these novels, you realize reading about women helps a fella both communicate and understand women, which is a lot better than being the very kind of dumbfuck women talk about when they get together and commiserate. That’s the simple reason. The murkier one rests on questions of invitation. I’ve no doubt Terry McMillian wanted Waiting to Exhale to be a story about her and her black female peers. But it’s also a story about loyalty and family, career and growing older, and it manages to cover those bases in addition to being a story about African-American sisterhood, and not because it’s a story of African-American sisterhood. And I think the women writers who do this best (I am sure there are men who have written great female friendship books. One isn’t coming to me at the moment), sweep in the grander themes while wrestling with the particular. They seem aware that their stories have much to say beyond “this is a tale of people like me” and expect more from their readers than “Preach on!” That’s the invitation. I don’t hang out with any reader who has decided they aren’t into a particular literature simply because the characters aren’t exactly like them. I get that they feel uninvited to the party the author is throwing. But to this reader, a great book about female friendships doesn’t slam the gate on other kinds of readers, doesn’t uninvite. Every author I’ve mentioned includes three-dimensional male characters that aren’t simply husbands or mean bosses or sexy paperboys. Why? Because it’s just good writing to do so. Great female friendship writers embed their books with an understanding that, while women are the story here, we all share the world together, and while there may not be a lot of dudes present, the female characters all try to see men as people with a point of view. A different one, yes, but a human one still. I don’t expect other men to charge out and start feasting on novels about menopause and sexism in the military. But they’d be missing something. Because any great book to me is about feeling more human, in good ways and bad, different yet somehow the same. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Food Symbolism in Lahiris Interpreter of Maladies - Literature Essay Samples

Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies is a collection of short works that explore and examine issues of identity and assimilation between Indian and American cultures. Weaved into and between each story and each struggle is the presence of traditional Indian food and the nuances of its ritualized preparation. It serves as a metaphor for several things in interaction with the coping protagonists of her stories: community, normalcy, culture, love, and so on. The meaning of food, its implications and effects, is most prevalent in â€Å"When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine,† â€Å"Mrs. Sen’s,† and â€Å"A Temporary Matter.† â€Å"When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine† exudes food symbolism from beginning to end, even in its title. â€Å"Coming to dine† is, in and of itself, a social event, a routinized gathering to share space and conversation over a meal. Sifting through phone books and university directories, Lilia’s parents search tirelessly for Indian surnames in an attempt to find dinner company that is, until they find a Pakistani man named Mr. Pirzada. When he arrives at their home, he introduces a portrait of his daughters, â€Å"producing from his wallet a black-and-white picture of seven girls at a picnic†¦ eating chicken curry off of banana leaves.† (23) Picnicking represents recreation and familial bonding, and his introduction of them through that particular snapshot of their lives frames them in a context that Lilia can relate to and empathize with. When Lilia’s father tries to explain that Mr. Pirzada â€Å"is no longer considered Indian,† Lilia fin ds it hard to recognize the differences between he and her parents, noting that they both â€Å"ate pickled mangoes with their meals, ate rice every night for supper with their hands†¦ for dessert dipped austere biscuits into successive cups of tea† and interacted like any other Indians would. (25) Even at her young age, Lilia understands the meaning of food eaten between people of like-culture, the sense of security and the shared understanding that come with it. In several scenes, Lilia helps her mother prepare the table for dining or sets condiments and spices beside their plates, fully aware of the refined blend of tastes customary even expected of Indian meals. She describes her mother’s efforts in putting together a meal for her family, bringing forth a â€Å"succession of dishes† to the living room where they would sit across from the television and await news from Dacca. (30) The labor afforded by her mother is representative of Indian tradition a nd the women that spend hours in the kitchen concocting elaborate traditional meals for their guests on a nightly basis. By bringing the food out of the dining room and onto the couch, Lahiri signifies an informal scene; in this way, she uses food to break down the polite distance between family and invitee and creates a smaller, more special space. In â€Å"Mrs. Sen’s,† Lahiri presents the significance of food in a much less communal setting, through the eyes of a young boy Elliot under the wary supervision of a lone professor’s wife. Separated by an ocean from her family, Mrs. Sen uses the ritualized practice of cutting vegetables, cooking stews, and hand-selecting fish to keep ties with her ideas of normalcy and sociality. Elliot observes that a great deal of Mrs. Sen’s day is occupied by her detailed preparation for grandiose meals she serves her husband when he returns from work. She lays out newspapers opposite the television and sits comfortably with a steel blade, peeling, slicing, and chopping an assortment of vegetables for nearly an hour every day. The procedure utilizes a cultural instrument and reflects, as Mrs. Sen explains to Elliot, a ritual of sorts in which neighborhood women celebrated an important event by â€Å"[sitting] in an enormous circle on the roof of [her] building, laug hing and gossiping and slicing fifty kilos of vegetables through the night.† (115) Her recollection of the practice as a social event, a scaffold for bonding between women, juxtaposes her alternate practice, performed without need for occasion and with only the television to keep her company; it only emphasizes her estrangement from family and friends, and reiterates her day-to-day alienation. The lengths to which Mrs. Sen is willing to go to secure fresh fish for her dishes, and the precise care with which she portions and fillets each one, is extremely telling of how important cooking proper meals is for traditional Indian women. She pushes herself out of her comfort zone to travel to the fish market by the beach, even going as far as getting behind the wheel without a license when Mr. Sen is unavailable (or unwilling) to drive her all the way over. Lahiri also uses Mrs. Sen to draw a distinction between a traditional Indian woman and Elliot’s American mother and how their cooking, or the degree to which they do, signifies a pronounced difference in culture. Every evening, when Elliot’s mother comes to pick him up, Mrs. Sen extends the courtesy of inviting her into the living room and serves her something to eat; she always nibbles a bit on whatever she’s given, chalks up her small appetite to a late lunch, and then orders a pizza for she and Elliot when they arrive home. Mrs. Sen’s rigor toward preparing home-cooked meals is absolutely lost on Elliot’s mother. Correspondingly, Elliot feels much more involved and important when observing the effort by Mrs. Sen to prepare and cook dinner for her husband than when his mother orders takeout and leaves him to wrap leftovers on his own. The hours spent preparing traditional meals is indicative of a sense of appreciation and compassion by Indian mothers for their children, while fast food feels more indifferent, and speaks more to the weaker affections (or lack thereof) bet ween an American mother and her child. Lahiri explores the ideas of love and compassion as represented by food and cooking in â€Å"A Temporary Matter† through the experiences of a disjointed married couple, Shoba and Shukmar. Following the death of their newborn son, Shukmar witnesses a profound change in his wife her intrinsic â€Å"capacity to think ahead,† her impulse to prepare and store ready-to-serve, home-cooked food for any possible visitor or occasion, suddenly disappears. (6) He recalls her ability to â€Å"throw together meals that appeared to have taken half a day to prepare†¦ peppers she had marinated herself with rosemary, and chutneys that she cooked on Sundays, stirring boiling pots of tomatoes and prunes† and the gratification it provided her. (7) Shukmar’s testimony of the stark contrast of his wife before and after their son’s death is representative of the heart put into Shoba’s traditional home cooking; when her grief presides her efforts, she completel y stops caring to even heat up meals from her prepared stock, leaving Shukmar to heat up what was left for the two of them and noting that, â€Å"if it weren’t for him, Shoba would eat a bowl of cereal for her dinner.† (8) He can just as easily purchase ready-made, microwaveable meals for Shoba to heat up, but his concern for her wellbeing and willingness enthusiasm, even to pore through her cookbooks and prepare full meals for their dinner indicates that he loves her, and still cares to extend the effort. Inversely, he notes that, â€Å"for their first anniversary, Shoba had cooked a ten-course dinner just for him,† but gifted him a lone sweater-vest for their third anniversary, and presently has stopped cooking for him altogether a sequence symbolic of their depreciating relationship. (18) In this story, Lahiri uses cooking and preparation of food as a measure of sentiment and intimacy, comparing endeavors in the kitchen to the strength of the coupleâ€℠¢s deteriorating marriage. It holds true within any culture that a home-cooked meal brings people together and allows bridges to be built, but Lahiri takes the meaning of food to another level. Like many other things, traditional cooking and food tips the scales in the balancing act of maintaining a sense of both cultures and ties people to their roots. Through her characters, their meals possess a special symbolism and act as a means of grappling with the conflicting ideas of culture, identity, and emotion that come with being immigrants or first-generation members of a community.

School Science Fair Project Ideas Memory

What could be more fun than testing your friends and familys memory skills? It is a subject that has fascinated people for centuries and memory is the perfect topic for a middle or high school science fair project. What Do We Know About Memory? Psychologists divide memory into three stores: sensory store, short-term store, and long-term store. After entering the sensory store, some information proceeds into the short-term store. From there some information proceeds to the long-term store. These stores are referred to as short-term memory and long-term memory respectively. Short-term memory has two important characteristics: Short-term memory can contain at any one time seven, plus or minus two, chunks of information.Items remain in short-term memory around twenty seconds. Long-term memory is stored in our brains forever.  We use recall to retrieve memories. Since your experiment cannot go on forever, you should probably stick with short-term memory for your science fair project. Memory Science Fair Project Ideas Prove that people will remember more numbers if given the numbers in chunks. You can do this by giving them a list of one-digit numbers first and see how many they can remember, recording your data for each person.Then, give each person a list of two-digit numbers and see how many of those numbers they can remember. Repeat this for three- and even four-digit numbers—most people will find four digit numbers the hardest to recall.If you use words, rather than numbers, use nouns like apple, orange, banana, etc. This prevents the person you are testing from making a sentence out of the words you have given.Most people have learned to chunk things together, so run separate tests with related words and with non-related words and compare the difference.Test gender or age differences. Do males remember more or less than females? Do children remember more than teens or adults? Be sure to log the gender and age of each person you test so you can make accurate comparisons.Test the langua ge factor. What do people remember better: numbers, words or a series of colors?For this test, you may want to use flash cards with different numbers, words or colors on each card. Begin with numbers and have each person you are testing try to memorize a series of numbers they are shown on the cards. See how many they can remember in one round. Then, do the same with nouns and colors.Can your test subjects remember more colors than numbers? Is there a difference between children and adults?Use an online short-term memory test. Within the links below, you will find two of the many memory tests available online. Have the people you are testing run through each of the tests while you watch them. Record how well they did along with data like their gender age and what time of day they took the test.If possible, test subjects twice at different times of the day. Do people remember better in the morning or the evening after a long day at work or school?Take your laptop or tablet to the sci ence fair and let people see how their own memory compares to your test group when they take the same test. Resources for a Memory Science Fair Project Penny Memory Test. DCity.orgChudler, Eric. On-line Short Term Memory Game (Grades K-12). Neuroscience For Kids. Seattle: University of Washington, 2019.

How Amino Acid Chirality Works

Amino acids (except for  glycine) have a  chiral  carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group (CO2-). This chiral center allows for stereoisomerism. The amino acids form two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. The structures are not superimposable on each other, much like your left and right hands. These mirror images are termed  enantiomers. D/L and R/S Naming Conventions for Amino Acid Chirality There are two important nomenclature systems for enantiomers. The D/L system is based on optical activity and refers to the Latin words dexter for right and laevus for left, reflecting left- and right-handedness of the chemical structures. An amino acid with the dexter configuration  (dextrorotary) would be named with a () or D prefix, such as ()-serine or D-serine. An amino acid having the laevus configuration  (levorotary) would be prefaced with a (-) or L, such as (-)-serine or L-serine. Here are the steps to determine whether an amino acid is the D or L enantiomer: Draw the molecule as a Fischer projection with the carboxylic acid group on top and side chain on the bottom. (The amine group will not be at the top or bottom.)If the amine group is located on the right side of the carbon chain, the compound is D. If the amine group is on the left side, the molecule is L.If you wish to draw the enantiomer of a given amino acid, simply draw its mirror image. The R/S notation is similar, where R stands for Latin rectus (right, proper, or straight) and S stands for Latin sinister (left). R/S naming follows the  Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules: Locate the chiral or stereogenic center.Assign priority to each group based on the atomic number of the atom attached to the center, where 1 high and 4 low.Determine the direction of priority for the other three groups, in order of high to low priority (1 to 3).If the order is clockwise, then the center is R. If the order is counterclockwise, then the center is S. Although most of chemistry has switched over to the (S) and (R) designators for absolute stereochemistry of enantiomers, the amino acids are most commonly named using the (L) and (D) system. Isomerism of Natural Amino Acids All amino acids found in proteins occur in the L-configuration about the chiral carbon atom. The exception is glycine because it has two hydrogen atoms at the alpha carbon, which cannot be distinguished from each other except via radioisotope labeling. D-amino acids are not naturally found in proteins and are not involved in the metabolic pathways of eukaryotic organisms, although they are important in the structure and metabolism of bacteria. For example, D-glutamic acid  and D-alanine  are structural components of certain bacterial cell walls. Its believed D-serine may be able to act as a brain neurotransmitter. D-amino acids, where they exist in nature, are produced via post-translational modifications of the protein. Regarding the (S) and (R) nomenclature, nearly all amino acids in proteins are (S) at the alpha carbon. Cysteine is (R) and glycine is not chiral. The reason cysteine is different is that it has a sulfur atom at the second position of the side chain, which has a larger atomic number than that of the groups at the first carbon. Following the naming convention, this makes the molecule (R) rather than (S).

How Amino Acid Chirality Works

Amino acids (except for  glycine) have a  chiral  carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group (CO2-). This chiral center allows for stereoisomerism. The amino acids form two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. The structures are not superimposable on each other, much like your left and right hands. These mirror images are termed  enantiomers. D/L and R/S Naming Conventions for Amino Acid Chirality There are two important nomenclature systems for enantiomers. The D/L system is based on optical activity and refers to the Latin words dexter for right and laevus for left, reflecting left- and right-handedness of the chemical structures. An amino acid with the dexter configuration  (dextrorotary) would be named with a () or D prefix, such as ()-serine or D-serine. An amino acid having the laevus configuration  (levorotary) would be prefaced with a (-) or L, such as (-)-serine or L-serine. Here are the steps to determine whether an amino acid is the D or L enantiomer: Draw the molecule as a Fischer projection with the carboxylic acid group on top and side chain on the bottom. (The amine group will not be at the top or bottom.)If the amine group is located on the right side of the carbon chain, the compound is D. If the amine group is on the left side, the molecule is L.If you wish to draw the enantiomer of a given amino acid, simply draw its mirror image. The R/S notation is similar, where R stands for Latin rectus (right, proper, or straight) and S stands for Latin sinister (left). R/S naming follows the  Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules: Locate the chiral or stereogenic center.Assign priority to each group based on the atomic number of the atom attached to the center, where 1 high and 4 low.Determine the direction of priority for the other three groups, in order of high to low priority (1 to 3).If the order is clockwise, then the center is R. If the order is counterclockwise, then the center is S. Although most of chemistry has switched over to the (S) and (R) designators for absolute stereochemistry of enantiomers, the amino acids are most commonly named using the (L) and (D) system. Isomerism of Natural Amino Acids All amino acids found in proteins occur in the L-configuration about the chiral carbon atom. The exception is glycine because it has two hydrogen atoms at the alpha carbon, which cannot be distinguished from each other except via radioisotope labeling. D-amino acids are not naturally found in proteins and are not involved in the metabolic pathways of eukaryotic organisms, although they are important in the structure and metabolism of bacteria. For example, D-glutamic acid  and D-alanine  are structural components of certain bacterial cell walls. Its believed D-serine may be able to act as a brain neurotransmitter. D-amino acids, where they exist in nature, are produced via post-translational modifications of the protein. Regarding the (S) and (R) nomenclature, nearly all amino acids in proteins are (S) at the alpha carbon. Cysteine is (R) and glycine is not chiral. The reason cysteine is different is that it has a sulfur atom at the second position of the side chain, which has a larger atomic number than that of the groups at the first carbon. Following the naming convention, this makes the molecule (R) rather than (S).

How Amino Acid Chirality Works

Amino acids (except for  glycine) have a  chiral  carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group (CO2-). This chiral center allows for stereoisomerism. The amino acids form two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. The structures are not superimposable on each other, much like your left and right hands. These mirror images are termed  enantiomers. D/L and R/S Naming Conventions for Amino Acid Chirality There are two important nomenclature systems for enantiomers. The D/L system is based on optical activity and refers to the Latin words dexter for right and laevus for left, reflecting left- and right-handedness of the chemical structures. An amino acid with the dexter configuration  (dextrorotary) would be named with a () or D prefix, such as ()-serine or D-serine. An amino acid having the laevus configuration  (levorotary) would be prefaced with a (-) or L, such as (-)-serine or L-serine. Here are the steps to determine whether an amino acid is the D or L enantiomer: Draw the molecule as a Fischer projection with the carboxylic acid group on top and side chain on the bottom. (The amine group will not be at the top or bottom.)If the amine group is located on the right side of the carbon chain, the compound is D. If the amine group is on the left side, the molecule is L.If you wish to draw the enantiomer of a given amino acid, simply draw its mirror image. The R/S notation is similar, where R stands for Latin rectus (right, proper, or straight) and S stands for Latin sinister (left). R/S naming follows the  Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules: Locate the chiral or stereogenic center.Assign priority to each group based on the atomic number of the atom attached to the center, where 1 high and 4 low.Determine the direction of priority for the other three groups, in order of high to low priority (1 to 3).If the order is clockwise, then the center is R. If the order is counterclockwise, then the center is S. Although most of chemistry has switched over to the (S) and (R) designators for absolute stereochemistry of enantiomers, the amino acids are most commonly named using the (L) and (D) system. Isomerism of Natural Amino Acids All amino acids found in proteins occur in the L-configuration about the chiral carbon atom. The exception is glycine because it has two hydrogen atoms at the alpha carbon, which cannot be distinguished from each other except via radioisotope labeling. D-amino acids are not naturally found in proteins and are not involved in the metabolic pathways of eukaryotic organisms, although they are important in the structure and metabolism of bacteria. For example, D-glutamic acid  and D-alanine  are structural components of certain bacterial cell walls. Its believed D-serine may be able to act as a brain neurotransmitter. D-amino acids, where they exist in nature, are produced via post-translational modifications of the protein. Regarding the (S) and (R) nomenclature, nearly all amino acids in proteins are (S) at the alpha carbon. Cysteine is (R) and glycine is not chiral. The reason cysteine is different is that it has a sulfur atom at the second position of the side chain, which has a larger atomic number than that of the groups at the first carbon. Following the naming convention, this makes the molecule (R) rather than (S).

How Amino Acid Chirality Works

Amino acids (except for  glycine) have a  chiral  carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group (CO2-). This chiral center allows for stereoisomerism. The amino acids form two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. The structures are not superimposable on each other, much like your left and right hands. These mirror images are termed  enantiomers. D/L and R/S Naming Conventions for Amino Acid Chirality There are two important nomenclature systems for enantiomers. The D/L system is based on optical activity and refers to the Latin words dexter for right and laevus for left, reflecting left- and right-handedness of the chemical structures. An amino acid with the dexter configuration  (dextrorotary) would be named with a () or D prefix, such as ()-serine or D-serine. An amino acid having the laevus configuration  (levorotary) would be prefaced with a (-) or L, such as (-)-serine or L-serine. Here are the steps to determine whether an amino acid is the D or L enantiomer: Draw the molecule as a Fischer projection with the carboxylic acid group on top and side chain on the bottom. (The amine group will not be at the top or bottom.)If the amine group is located on the right side of the carbon chain, the compound is D. If the amine group is on the left side, the molecule is L.If you wish to draw the enantiomer of a given amino acid, simply draw its mirror image. The R/S notation is similar, where R stands for Latin rectus (right, proper, or straight) and S stands for Latin sinister (left). R/S naming follows the  Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules: Locate the chiral or stereogenic center.Assign priority to each group based on the atomic number of the atom attached to the center, where 1 high and 4 low.Determine the direction of priority for the other three groups, in order of high to low priority (1 to 3).If the order is clockwise, then the center is R. If the order is counterclockwise, then the center is S. Although most of chemistry has switched over to the (S) and (R) designators for absolute stereochemistry of enantiomers, the amino acids are most commonly named using the (L) and (D) system. Isomerism of Natural Amino Acids All amino acids found in proteins occur in the L-configuration about the chiral carbon atom. The exception is glycine because it has two hydrogen atoms at the alpha carbon, which cannot be distinguished from each other except via radioisotope labeling. D-amino acids are not naturally found in proteins and are not involved in the metabolic pathways of eukaryotic organisms, although they are important in the structure and metabolism of bacteria. For example, D-glutamic acid  and D-alanine  are structural components of certain bacterial cell walls. Its believed D-serine may be able to act as a brain neurotransmitter. D-amino acids, where they exist in nature, are produced via post-translational modifications of the protein. Regarding the (S) and (R) nomenclature, nearly all amino acids in proteins are (S) at the alpha carbon. Cysteine is (R) and glycine is not chiral. The reason cysteine is different is that it has a sulfur atom at the second position of the side chain, which has a larger atomic number than that of the groups at the first carbon. Following the naming convention, this makes the molecule (R) rather than (S).

How Amino Acid Chirality Works

Amino acids (except for  glycine) have a  chiral  carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group (CO2-). This chiral center allows for stereoisomerism. The amino acids form two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. The structures are not superimposable on each other, much like your left and right hands. These mirror images are termed  enantiomers. D/L and R/S Naming Conventions for Amino Acid Chirality There are two important nomenclature systems for enantiomers. The D/L system is based on optical activity and refers to the Latin words dexter for right and laevus for left, reflecting left- and right-handedness of the chemical structures. An amino acid with the dexter configuration  (dextrorotary) would be named with a () or D prefix, such as ()-serine or D-serine. An amino acid having the laevus configuration  (levorotary) would be prefaced with a (-) or L, such as (-)-serine or L-serine. Here are the steps to determine whether an amino acid is the D or L enantiomer: Draw the molecule as a Fischer projection with the carboxylic acid group on top and side chain on the bottom. (The amine group will not be at the top or bottom.)If the amine group is located on the right side of the carbon chain, the compound is D. If the amine group is on the left side, the molecule is L.If you wish to draw the enantiomer of a given amino acid, simply draw its mirror image. The R/S notation is similar, where R stands for Latin rectus (right, proper, or straight) and S stands for Latin sinister (left). R/S naming follows the  Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules: Locate the chiral or stereogenic center.Assign priority to each group based on the atomic number of the atom attached to the center, where 1 high and 4 low.Determine the direction of priority for the other three groups, in order of high to low priority (1 to 3).If the order is clockwise, then the center is R. If the order is counterclockwise, then the center is S. Although most of chemistry has switched over to the (S) and (R) designators for absolute stereochemistry of enantiomers, the amino acids are most commonly named using the (L) and (D) system. Isomerism of Natural Amino Acids All amino acids found in proteins occur in the L-configuration about the chiral carbon atom. The exception is glycine because it has two hydrogen atoms at the alpha carbon, which cannot be distinguished from each other except via radioisotope labeling. D-amino acids are not naturally found in proteins and are not involved in the metabolic pathways of eukaryotic organisms, although they are important in the structure and metabolism of bacteria. For example, D-glutamic acid  and D-alanine  are structural components of certain bacterial cell walls. Its believed D-serine may be able to act as a brain neurotransmitter. D-amino acids, where they exist in nature, are produced via post-translational modifications of the protein. Regarding the (S) and (R) nomenclature, nearly all amino acids in proteins are (S) at the alpha carbon. Cysteine is (R) and glycine is not chiral. The reason cysteine is different is that it has a sulfur atom at the second position of the side chain, which has a larger atomic number than that of the groups at the first carbon. Following the naming convention, this makes the molecule (R) rather than (S).

How Amino Acid Chirality Works

Amino acids (except for  glycine) have a  chiral  carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group (CO2-). This chiral center allows for stereoisomerism. The amino acids form two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. The structures are not superimposable on each other, much like your left and right hands. These mirror images are termed  enantiomers. D/L and R/S Naming Conventions for Amino Acid Chirality There are two important nomenclature systems for enantiomers. The D/L system is based on optical activity and refers to the Latin words dexter for right and laevus for left, reflecting left- and right-handedness of the chemical structures. An amino acid with the dexter configuration  (dextrorotary) would be named with a () or D prefix, such as ()-serine or D-serine. An amino acid having the laevus configuration  (levorotary) would be prefaced with a (-) or L, such as (-)-serine or L-serine. Here are the steps to determine whether an amino acid is the D or L enantiomer: Draw the molecule as a Fischer projection with the carboxylic acid group on top and side chain on the bottom. (The amine group will not be at the top or bottom.)If the amine group is located on the right side of the carbon chain, the compound is D. If the amine group is on the left side, the molecule is L.If you wish to draw the enantiomer of a given amino acid, simply draw its mirror image. The R/S notation is similar, where R stands for Latin rectus (right, proper, or straight) and S stands for Latin sinister (left). R/S naming follows the  Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules: Locate the chiral or stereogenic center.Assign priority to each group based on the atomic number of the atom attached to the center, where 1 high and 4 low.Determine the direction of priority for the other three groups, in order of high to low priority (1 to 3).If the order is clockwise, then the center is R. If the order is counterclockwise, then the center is S. Although most of chemistry has switched over to the (S) and (R) designators for absolute stereochemistry of enantiomers, the amino acids are most commonly named using the (L) and (D) system. Isomerism of Natural Amino Acids All amino acids found in proteins occur in the L-configuration about the chiral carbon atom. The exception is glycine because it has two hydrogen atoms at the alpha carbon, which cannot be distinguished from each other except via radioisotope labeling. D-amino acids are not naturally found in proteins and are not involved in the metabolic pathways of eukaryotic organisms, although they are important in the structure and metabolism of bacteria. For example, D-glutamic acid  and D-alanine  are structural components of certain bacterial cell walls. Its believed D-serine may be able to act as a brain neurotransmitter. D-amino acids, where they exist in nature, are produced via post-translational modifications of the protein. Regarding the (S) and (R) nomenclature, nearly all amino acids in proteins are (S) at the alpha carbon. Cysteine is (R) and glycine is not chiral. The reason cysteine is different is that it has a sulfur atom at the second position of the side chain, which has a larger atomic number than that of the groups at the first carbon. Following the naming convention, this makes the molecule (R) rather than (S).

How Amino Acid Chirality Works

Amino acids (except for  glycine) have a  chiral  carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group (CO2-). This chiral center allows for stereoisomerism. The amino acids form two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. The structures are not superimposable on each other, much like your left and right hands. These mirror images are termed  enantiomers. D/L and R/S Naming Conventions for Amino Acid Chirality There are two important nomenclature systems for enantiomers. The D/L system is based on optical activity and refers to the Latin words dexter for right and laevus for left, reflecting left- and right-handedness of the chemical structures. An amino acid with the dexter configuration  (dextrorotary) would be named with a () or D prefix, such as ()-serine or D-serine. An amino acid having the laevus configuration  (levorotary) would be prefaced with a (-) or L, such as (-)-serine or L-serine. Here are the steps to determine whether an amino acid is the D or L enantiomer: Draw the molecule as a Fischer projection with the carboxylic acid group on top and side chain on the bottom. (The amine group will not be at the top or bottom.)If the amine group is located on the right side of the carbon chain, the compound is D. If the amine group is on the left side, the molecule is L.If you wish to draw the enantiomer of a given amino acid, simply draw its mirror image. The R/S notation is similar, where R stands for Latin rectus (right, proper, or straight) and S stands for Latin sinister (left). R/S naming follows the  Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules: Locate the chiral or stereogenic center.Assign priority to each group based on the atomic number of the atom attached to the center, where 1 high and 4 low.Determine the direction of priority for the other three groups, in order of high to low priority (1 to 3).If the order is clockwise, then the center is R. If the order is counterclockwise, then the center is S. Although most of chemistry has switched over to the (S) and (R) designators for absolute stereochemistry of enantiomers, the amino acids are most commonly named using the (L) and (D) system. Isomerism of Natural Amino Acids All amino acids found in proteins occur in the L-configuration about the chiral carbon atom. The exception is glycine because it has two hydrogen atoms at the alpha carbon, which cannot be distinguished from each other except via radioisotope labeling. D-amino acids are not naturally found in proteins and are not involved in the metabolic pathways of eukaryotic organisms, although they are important in the structure and metabolism of bacteria. For example, D-glutamic acid  and D-alanine  are structural components of certain bacterial cell walls. Its believed D-serine may be able to act as a brain neurotransmitter. D-amino acids, where they exist in nature, are produced via post-translational modifications of the protein. Regarding the (S) and (R) nomenclature, nearly all amino acids in proteins are (S) at the alpha carbon. Cysteine is (R) and glycine is not chiral. The reason cysteine is different is that it has a sulfur atom at the second position of the side chain, which has a larger atomic number than that of the groups at the first carbon. Following the naming convention, this makes the molecule (R) rather than (S).

Explaining Diversity Essay - 1090 Words

Explaining Diversity The history of humanity has shown that the influences of a select few, charting their ideas of what is right and wrong, pure or dirty, black or white may all influence cultures; but these principles do not follow a certain direction. Rather, with the continuance of culture through time, the principles have diverged human experience into thousands of different cultures. In Biology as Ideology, the argument of genetic determinism arises; ones genetic makeup and other biological factors are the main determinants of individual behavior. This theory is greatly reliant on a culture looking for a direct cause and effect relationship between the genetic makeup of humans and social ability. Like this belief, the Origin Myth†¦show more content†¦Moreover, it tries to create a concrete definition of why there is cultural diversity among human beings. The Origin Myth performs a like function as well; It expresses, enhances, and codifies belief; it safeguards and enforces morality. The purpose of myth is very similar to the purpose of explaining Biological determinism. They both reason from human experience to establish cultural truth. They create a perfect world for themselves. Furthermore, Lewontin explains that we differ as humans because we were genetically trained to be unique by our parents. The struggle to define ones culture is relative to the past; Lewontin explains this by biological inheritance, while the Trobrianders explain by claiming their creation stemmed, from underground where men were organized to explain this. Again, they both create a perfect situation from their past to give truth and meaning to their culture today. Additionally, Biology as Ideology goes on to argue, there are certain inborn similarities among us all. But one must realize these innate similarities in both cultures are from an emic perspective. The two texts are similar because one must understand the assumptions within each culture before one may understand the myths themselves. In Biology as Ideology, one must understand the nature of the genome before one can understand how the gene determines individual and social character. In the Origin Myths, most Trobrianders pass on stories explainingShow MoreRelatedCreating A Culture Of Inclusion1521 Words   |  7 PagesDiverse Workforce I think that the article did a good job explaining why creating a culture of inclusion, can help a business attain organizational success. Even though inclusion initiatives can be hard to quantify in a business organization, if they are not properly implemented, the effects will be felt. I totally agree with some of the shortcomings of a lack of inclusiveness, which are high employee turnover, diminished performance levels, disinterest, and negative attitudes. 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principle of corporate finance solution Essay - 1401 Words

CHAPTER 2 How to Calculate Present Values Answers to Problem Sets 1. If the discount factor is .507, then .507*1.126 = $1 2. 125/139 = .899 3. PV = 374/(1.09)9 = 172.20 4. PV = 432/1.15 + 137/(1.152) + 797/(1.153) = 376 + 104 + 524 = $1,003 5. FV = 100*1.158 = $305.90 6. NPV = -1,548 + 138/.09 = -14.67 (cost today plus the present value of the perpetuity) 7. PV = 4/(.14-.04) = $40 8. a. PV = 1/.10 = $10 b. Since the perpetuity will be worth $10 in year 7, and since that is roughly double the present value, the approximate PV equals $5. PV = (1 / .10)/(1.10)7 = 10/2= $5 (approximately) c. A perpetuity paying $1 starting now would be worth $10, whereas a†¦show more content†¦From this equation, we can solve for the amount to be put aside each year. PV(boat) = $20,000/(1.10)5 = $12,418 PV(savings) = Annual savings Because PV(savings) must equal PV(boat): Annual savings Annual savings Another approach is to use the future value of an annuity formula: Annual savings = $ 3,276 22. The fact that Kangaroo Autos is offering â€Å"free credit† tells us what the cash payments are; it does not change the fact that money has time value. A 10% annual rate of interest is equivalent to a monthly rate of 0.83%: rmonthly = rannual /12 = 0.10/12 = 0.0083 = 0.83% The present value of the payments to Kangaroo Autos is: A car from Turtle Motors costs $9,000 cash. Therefore, Kangaroo Autos offers the better deal, i.e., the lower present value of cost. 23. The NPVs are: at 5% at 10% at 15% The figure below shows that the project has zero NPV at about 11%. As a check, NPV at 11% is: 24. a. This is the usual perpetuity, and hence: b. This is worth the PV of stream (a) plus the immediate payment of $100: PV = $100 + $1,428.57 = $1,528.57 c. The continuously compounded equivalent to a 7% annually compounded rate is approximately 6.77%, because: e0.0677 = 1.0700 Thus: Note that the pattern of payments in part (b) is more valuable than the pattern of payments in part (c). 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The Satyam scandal marks as one of India’s biggest corporate scandals where its stakeholders were continually fed misleading financial information from its late chairman Ramalinga Raju. This once promising, global IT company provided its services for some of the largest companies in Australia and the UnitedRead MoreEbooks Solution Manuals and Test Banks for Text Books19223 Words   |  77 Pagesservices regarding Solutions and Test Bank for courses. We hope that you people will like our service and get better grades. Please Contact us @ :    solvedanswers@gmail.com   solvedanswers@gmail.com Use CTRL + F to search the titles you looking for , if the title you searching is not in the list, do not worry, send us an email at solvedanswers@gmail.com and we shall try to provide you requested data.   =============================================================== Jr. 12 Solution Manual  ¡Arriba

Dion Lee Free Essays

Sydney born Dion Lee is a 24 year old successful Australian born high end textile fashion designer who creates clear-cut, structured and tailored to perfection garments to create a perfect silhouette for the woman wearing his designs. He is one of the fashion industries youngest well known designers. Dion is inspired by the construction of clothing. We will write a custom essay sample on Dion Lee or any similar topic only for you Order Now He likes edge cutting garments which are extremely functional created with the combination of traditional tailoring techniques and modern concepts and techniques. His designs cater working class women who look for the smart casual look which is accomplished with the designer’s sharp blazers and also girls who are looking for a chic cocktail frock. Fashion designer Dion Lee launched his debut collection in 2008 and quickly cemented his status as one of Australia’s leading talents. Best known for his translation of architecture and science into â€Å"relaxed sophistication† Dion now attracts global attention, but still calls Sydney home. Believing that Sydney style reflects the physical landscape and its trans seasonal climate, Dion effortlessly designs collections balancing proportion and silhouette to create structures that â€Å"link the environment and the body†. â€Å"I design for a certain kind of contemporary feminine identity, there is a very strong connection within that kind of woman being Australian,† says Dion. With origami like precision, his work is an articulation of engineered construction and detailed resolution, running parallels between architecture and fashion with â€Å"the ability to draw something on a two dimensional level and materialising it on a three dimensional sensory level†. This season is no different. Utilising proportion, volume, texture and his signature prints, his current collection which recently debuted in the UK, is the perfect balance of structure and fluidity. Taking inspiration from the collaborations he seeks, Dion has previously joined forces with Cue Clothing to release his own collection and most recently worked with Kanye West and Fashion Editor of Harper’s Bazaar Christine Centenera on his London show, supported by a short film he created with Australian Director Lorin Askill. If it’s possible to balance complexity with simplicity, Dion Lee achieves this in volumes. An achievement that puts him on the â€Å"watch list†, a status that Sydney and the world will be monitoring. Check out Dion Lee’s collection at Westfield, David Jones and Incu. How to cite Dion Lee, Essay examples

Functions of Manager in an Organization Free Sample for Students

Question: Critically analyse the Roles, Functions that Managers perform and discuss the Challenges and Risks they have to address in todays Changing Organisations. Answer: Introduction Organizational behavior is the discipline which studies different aspects of humanistic and organization behavior. It is the scientific and theoretical approach to determining the prevalent behavior of any organization and also vice versa. A number of psychological as well internal organizational policies determine the type of behavior that co-exists between the staff and the organization. It is a causative effect, which is a reflection of the interaction between the two forces. In fact, organizational behavior involves the aspects of the human resources that it employs for their appropriate operation. It is the structural framework which is operated by the manpower agents which helps in maintaining and supervising the work force and the policies of the organization. It entails the functions of the manager, employees and the several department of the organization that are involved in operating all the function for the business processing and dealings. Functions of manager in an organization Managers are one of the integral parts of the complete structural process, which operates in an organization and has to fulfill a number of roles. It is multidisciplinary in nature, as they have to coordinate, regulate and critically analyze the situation, which is very significant in nature. Every organizations or institutions need a proper management team to execute their work or target in an organized way without any haphazard. It is the manager of that organization on whom the responsibility to manage the team and work, development of the organization largely depends on. A good manager will help his or her organization or company to reach its pinnacle by performing the basic functions like proper preparation, systematize, recruitment, leading and controlling the plans and staffs. It is the duty of the manager to maintain a proper sketch and map to achieve the desired goals. With the help of several investments, advertisement and improvisation he/she can increase the total revenue earned by the company and increase the sales or profit margin. A manager decides how to execute every step of a plan to make it successful. Proper organization of the plan is the second step for the manager. The manager organizes the team or the material of the work and assigns the team leaders or the staffs their portion of work. He should distribute the work accordingly as every work needs to be finished within the deadline. The two major elements of organizing is assigning work and granting authority (Gehman, Trevino Garud, 2013). Staffing is one of the major areas for the manager to focus because it is the work of the manager to recruit eligible staffs and train them so that they can execute the plans well. The human resource department of the companies always works in collaboration with the managers to recruit candidates for their company and always helps in the training period. The work of the manager does not end here. Manager is the leader on which everybody looks upon. The manager must possess some leader like qualities because he /she have to encourage, motivate and communicate with each and every staffs so that they can work well in a friendly atmosphere. The manager works as the coach of the company who guides and assists the employees in each step and understand their problems (Belleflamme Peitz, 2015). The manager should check on the results or the outcome of a proposal and plans. The manager is responsible for the functions and departmental structure of every moment and should have control over the project and the staff working over it. It is the manager who directs all the employees on how to work for the particular company and should have control over the work and the team. The manager also handles the operational and exceptional factors that are important to assess the serious and critical scenarios that often emerge while executing the business procedures. The qualification of the manager involves the strategies which they effectively use it in his team in order to achieve the best of the result that integrates the various factors of the In order to play several roles in the company to achieve the purpose. A good behaved manager is liked by all the employees and staffs who can share their problems to get a solution of that. Their schedule remains clogged as they have to meet w ith all the associates and the employees for smooth running of the work without any disturbances (Coleman, 2016). Values, ethics, diversity on organizational culture Organizational culture is defined as the nature and scientific approach of the values and ethics of the enterprise. Values like the human cultures and the way in which the organization behaves and coordinates helps them in a thorough manner. The impact of great values, as employment rules without any discrimination include under the value system. On the other hand, there should be no gender discrimination policies followed by the organization. Moreover, for achieving the best effectiveness there can be no limitation or compromise of talent. The impact of shared values, diversity policies, ethical rules and agenda are important to analyze the combine effect on the culture of the organization, which prevail the specific system in the enterprise. The framework and the regulatory ethics those are prevalent of the operational plane is encoded while formulating the regulatory framework that is incorporated within the culture of the organization. In fact, the diversity of the organization h elps in coordinating to accomplish a sound and coherent business for the concern. The work culture of the organization is the key to the survival of the employees and this involves the values that are integrated within the structure. Moreover, the acculturation of the culture and the combination of the social tendencies are accounted as the key points for the management of various diversities that must be incorporated within the structural framework. The fact that the code of conduct is important for setting the goals and objectives are formulated in all workplace area (Schuler, 2014). Appropriate research strategies for the appropriate organizational theories It aids in determining the best of the situations, which is essential for assessing the current statistics and placement of the company in the market. The best research strategies are important for the formulation of the tactics that are necessary in a business set up that involves that style and the functions of the managers. There are a number of organizational theories that are observed which have emerged after all the issues and challenges were identified in a specific scenario. It has arrived in the way of the managerial decisions. In fact, qualitative approach has been the chosen method for this method as there are a number of structures, which cannot be compared through quantitative values therefore; this subjective instance of reviewing the culture and the diversity can only be compiled with the basic analysis methods and priorities of the risk mitigation strategies. Qualitative analysis reason for comparing organizational theory with alternative theory The proposed method of the the organizational theory that have been followed by Apple Inc. is responsible for the best practices of the theory. According to, CEO Time Cook, We see diversity as everything that makes an employee who they are. We foster a diverse culture that is inclusive of disability, religious belief, sexual orientation, and service to country (the Guardian, 2017) .Therefore, this is the reason, which has encouraged following a coherent organizational structure. It concentrates on building the appropriate informational networks both outside and inside the company that enhances the cooperation within the sales team. In case of salary, Apple offers competitive perquisites alongside a base salary and commission. In addition to this, the employees are promised with successive growth and promotional opportunities. The diversity involves the learning involvement and outcome of the practices (Ritchel Chen, 2013). Role of ethics and ethical practice in Apple Apple Inc. is one of the most successful organizations in the world, which has majorly contributed, with some of the best technological apparatus. The introduction of the equal work and equal pay as introduced by the company has highlighted the total compensation policies that restrict the proper functioning of the scenarios. The practices that are followed by Apple Inc. are ethically correct with which they analyzing and realizing the the need for equality in terms of the hiring procedures and the welfare of the employees. The inclusions of the several types of policies, which entail the practices, are found in the statements like, Were cultivating diverse leadership and tech talent. Ethics and ethical practices are important in relation to the work culture as there are many issues, which must be followed as per the rules of the situation (Apple, 2017). There are a number of legit and basic rights, which are mandatory for the working employees and the value of their effort. This wil l ensure the best outcome in a synchronizing manner that will not decline any laws related to the treatment of the employees (Heracleous, 2016). The labor laws and regulations must be in accordance with the laws and practices that are relevant for the process of the best working culture. The policies and the regulatory framework of Apple Inc. promotes the association of a diverse set of cultures that are important for the According to the data as presented until 2016, it states that the, Weve achieved pay equity in the United States for similar roles and performance. Women earn one dollar for every dollar male employees earn and underrepresented minorities earn one dollar for every dollar white employeesearn (Hogan Coote, 2015). There are various types of diversity network associations, which help in creating the best of the practices in thriving the culture of Apple Inc. An ethical practice that is prevalent in the organization aids in coordinating and completes the whole procedures of treating the workers, the employees and the internal factors most importantly the human resource including the staff in the manufacturing unit. The regulatory and internal framework of the employees is the decisive factor of the success and image of the company. Apple Inc has a strong step of rules that have been incorporated in their memorandums, which states the rules to be followed in regards to the employee policies and the possibilities and prohibitions of the impact and its outcome (Apple, 2017). Role and legitimacy of the management function The role and importance of the approval of the management regarding to all policies and the decisions of leave, payment structure have a huge impact of the legal rights and concepts of the organizational practices. The function of the management is necessary to ascertain the impacts and the responses of the types of behavior they have in comprehending the cultural aspects that are incurred in the following manner .The political and social impact of Apple Inc is important in determining the prospect, which have consequence over the business and an insight in their work culture. The two most important aspects of the environmental analysis is the political and socio-cultural scenario, which are introductory in nature as the form the company and regard it as the fundamental of the specific statistics. It is an account of the business operations and the various factors, which determine the orientation of the enterprise in regards to organizational behavior and the practices that are integ rally followed by the organization. There are a number of organizational theories that are observed which have emerged after all the issues and challenges were identified in a specific scenario. It has arrived in the way of the managerial decisions. In fact, qualitative approach has been the chosen method for this method as there are a number of structures, which cannot be compared through quantitative values therefore; this subjective instance of reviewing the culture and the diversity can only be compiled with the basic analysis methods and priorities of the risk mitigation strategies (Apple, 2017). The establishment and the execution of the market theories have coordinated and the sense of the reaching out with an expensive product is an essential criterion of meeting with the purchasing power of the people. The political scenario is extensive in contributing the coverage and the situation that have caused an impact on the associated nature like its chap production in China and the retail policies of the government of USA where lies the headquarters and operational team. Reference Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Apple. (2017). Inclusion Diversity. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/diversity/ Belleflamme, P., Peitz, M. (2015).Industrial organization: markets and strategies. Cambridge University Press. Bourne, H., Jenkins, M. (2013). Organizational values: A dynamic perspective.Organization Studies,34(4), 495-514. Coleman, J. (2013). Six components of a great corporate culture.Harvard Business Review,5(6), 2013. Fortune.com. (2017). How Apple Works: Inside the World's Biggest Startup. [online] Available at: https://fortune.com/2011/05/09/inside-apple/ Gehman, J., Trevino, L. K., Garud, R. (2013). Values work: A process study of the emergence and performance of organizational values practices.Academy of Management Journal,56(1), 84-112. Heracleous, L. (2013). Quantum strategy at Apple Inc.Organizational Dynamics,42(2), 92-99. Hogan, S. J., Coote, L. V. (2014). Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1609-1621. Krapfl, J. E., Kruja, B. (2015). Leadership and culture.Journal of Organizational Behavior Management,35(1-2), 28-43. Mercurynews.com. (2017). Workplace diversity: Apple employs far more blacks, Hispanics than its tech rivals The Mercury News. [online] Richtel, M., Chen, B. X. (2014). Tim Cook-Making Apple His Own.New York Times, Technology,15. Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., Macey, W. H. (2013). Organizational climate and culture.Annual review of psychology,64, 361-388. Schuler, R. S. (2015). The 5-C framework for managing talent.Organizational Dynamics,44(1), 47-56. the Guardian. (2017). Apple reports improving racial and gender diversity among employees. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/03/apple-diversity-report-race-gender-facebook-google#img-1 Waldman, D., Jensen, E. (2016).Industrial organization: theory and practice. Routledge.

Twelfth Night Analysis of Malvolio in Act three, Scene four Essay Example For Students

Twelfth Night Analysis of Malvolio in Act three, Scene four Essay Having received a letter from his baiters, chaos ensues as Malvolio effects the supposed will of his love, Olivia. The scene opens as Olivia has sent for Cesario, despite that she said she wouldnt see anymore of him, and so as she discusses the humiliating situation she has got herself into with Maria, she is feeling rather embarrassed. I have sent after him; he says hell come. She is talking about Cesario and Malvolio. Whilst Olivia is contemplating her situation Malvolio arrives, and we see him for the first time as his reformed self. This is not a good time for Olivia to deal with such a situation, but Malvolio is already into his new happy entertaining act. Does he rave? enquires Olivia, only half interested. When Maria says He does nothing but smile it just shows how unsuitable he is for Olivia to discuss with such a matter. We will write a custom essay on Twelfth Night Analysis of Malvolio in Act three, Scene four specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The sadness which Olivia continually refers to incidentally, is the sadness brought about by her unrequited love for Cesario. While trying to explain his state of mind and dress without giving the game away, Malvolio quotes the letter trying to provoke some positive recognition from his love, but this little speech only adds to Olivias view that he is out of his whits. Not black in mind, though yellow in my legs Malvolio informs his audience merrily as he is pleased with his yellow legs hoping that Olivia may admire them. Olivia then begins to lose interest and says wilt thou go to bed now treating him as ill. Malvolio takes this comment totally the wrong way, and assumes that she wants to go to bed with him, while just a simple misunderstanding, Malvolio must be thinking that things are looking up for him, and that she does love him after all. At your request (Maria)? Yes, nightingales answer daws Malvolio says when Maria asks how he is. By this he means that he is the nightingale and Maria, in whom he is uninterested, is the daw (an ugly scavenger), in other words this is a very derogatory thing to say to her, in order to shut her up. Maria responds haughtily why appear with this ridiculous boldness but Malvolio is not concerned with her scathing comments. Soon Olivia begins to lose patience, heaven restore thee! and meaning to put her straight Malvolio reminds her for whom these efforts are being spent with Remember who commanded thy yellow stockings. Where both these characters not so preoccupied with their own objectives then I think that they would quite quickly have realized that something was amiss, and the plot for mischief would have been uncovered, but cleverly everyone is very taxed by their respective anxieties; Malvolio with his odd courtship methods, and Olivia with embarrassment. Things are about to come to a head after: Malvolio: Remember who commanded thy yellow stockings Olivia: Thy yellow stockings? Malvolio: And wished to see thee cross-gartered. Olivia: Cross gartered? Malvolio: Go to, thou art made, if thou desirest to be so Olivia: Am I made? Malvolio: If not let me see thee a servant still. Olivia: Why, this is very midsummer madness But alas then a servant enters and disrupts the mental flow of things, and the farce continues. Also it is a very strange thing for Olivia to say midsummer madness as it is totally the opposite, it is after all the twelfth night! This may show how flustered she is. When she has no choice but to leave the Malvolio situation, she says to Maria let y people have special care of him. .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 , .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 .postImageUrl , .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 , .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074:hover , .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074:visited , .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074:active { border:0!important; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074:active , .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074 .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ued907ee9628b4a76aeda20a3c1010074:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Night And A Farewell To Arms: Eliezer And Frederic EssayThis show her like and respect for Malvolio, and that she cares for him even in his madness, after all he has been a good servant for her for a long time. In Malvolios following speech much irony and humor on Shakespeares part are to be found. She incites me to that in the letter. By this Malvolio shows how he thinks that despite what has just been said she does love him, and that what she is doing concurs directly with the letter and of course this thinking could hardly be further from the truth. When he says I have limed her it is very ironic as he is in fact the one who has been unknowingly trapped, not her. Getting slightly subconsciously desperate perhaps, he starts to pick apart her very speech in order to support his claims that she loves him: let this fellow (friend) be looked to. Fellow not Malvolio, nor after my degree but fellow. There are no pauses in this speech; Malvolio is in a state spontaneousity, overwhelmed by his supposed luck. Nothing can come between me and the full prospect of me and the full prospect of my hopes. At this point we know that this story is going to have a very sad ending for our pompous friend, and things start to get a little less funny. Sir Toby appears as a sort of friend to take charge of the situation, suggesting that devils are at work on Malvolios mind, but his attentions are unwanted; Go off, I discard you is the response he gets from Malvolio. Malvolio clearly cant be bothered with other people, for he has far more important things to think about, such as the upcoming courting of his love, and so he tries to quickly discard his kinsmen. Maria now being listened to perhaps is very hostile, and tries get him further into trouble how hollow the fiend speaks again mentioning devilry. But Sir Toby is unchanged in his approach and replies deal gently with him which shows how he also cares for his well-being. Malvolio doesnt realize what implications these goings on can have on him, and make little objection when Fabian suggests that a urine sample be taken for diagnosis. Malvolio is a little roused when Sir Toby addresses him as a chuck, i. . a chicken. Go hang yourselves all Malvolio pompously states when he begins to feel a little outnumbered and uncomfortable. His very genius hath taken the infection of the device I think that by this Sir Toby means that Malvolios brain has been taken over with love for Olivia, and the result is madness. Now its Sir Tobys turn to be pompous as he arrogantly tries to take over Gods role: we may carry it thus, for our pleasure and his penance for a penance is invalid unless the person wants to repent. At the last word from Malvolio in this scene, he is a little disgruntled by all the talk of madness, but is still on a high from Olivias supposed affections, and so is yet far from realizing what is soon to befall him. Where he not so indignant, pompous and stubborn to Sir Toby then perhaps things wouldnt have worked out so badly for him, but then thing wouldnt have ended up so entertaining either.

Sample Law School Application Essay - How to Write a Law School Application Essay

Sample Law School Application Essay - How to Write a Law School Application EssayIf you are going to apply for any job in the legal field, it is important that you have a good grasp of how to write a sample law school application essay. This will help you to impress a potential employer, and also allow you to demonstrate your capability to read, understand, and write basic information.The first thing you should do is to consider what type of law school application essay you would like to write. For example, you may want to write about some of your specific experience, or you may want to write about some of your hopes for a career in law. It is important that you choose a topic you can relate to, and you should also consider which type of essays you will be submitting.In this section of the law school application essay, you should try to incorporate some of your current experiences. For example, if you have recently graduated from law school, or if you are currently employed in a law firm, you may want to include these things in your essay. Your essay should highlight the fact that you are a capable person who understands the importance of working as a lawyer.In the third paragraph of your law school application essay, you will want to consider making a point about your hopes for your future career. For example, you may want to express a desire to use your law degree to serve in the justice system. You may also want to discuss your ability to find a satisfying position in the legal field. In your article, you should discuss your goals for your future and then end with a statement that tells the reader why you would be a great fit for the legal field.The final paragraph of your law school application essay should include a statement that relates to the past. It is important that you explain how your experiences led you to take an interest in the legal field. For example, you may have been interested in the area of international law because of your family heritage . Be sure to express this in your essay, and you should also focus on the part about your own personal experiences that lead you to become interested in the field.A final paragraph should show your own personal circumstances. For example, you may have decided to pursue a career in the legal field after your own grandmother passed away, or you may have applied for a job in the field after a traumatic experience in your life that you wanted to share with the world. By including some of your own personal experiences, you will be able to show your versatility and ability to handle different situations.It is important that you have a well-thought out sample law school application essay for potential employers to see. This will allow you to illustrate your abilities, as well as let potential employers see your academic skills.

Geography and Environmental Determinism Essay Example

Geography and Environmental Determinism Essay Example Geography and Environmental Determinism Paper Geography and Environmental Determinism Paper History shows many examples of how geography and environmental determinism played a huge role in the development of early civilizations. It can be seen as early as Mesopotamia, where the constant tension between nomadic and settled lifestyles was an important aspect of early historical development. The Sumerian culture developed in southern Mesopotamia, near the Persian Gulf. The civilization was generally pessimistic in outlook, an observation based mainly on the evidence of religious sources that depict a gloomy picture of the afterworld as a place of misery, because of the uncertain floods of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that destroyed river valleys. Although the geography negatively affected the Mesopotamia civilization, it eventually had a positive effect because there was a strong push towards stronger irrigation systems and tech analogical advancements. Jarred Diamond, according to his book, Guns, Germs, and Steel, characterizes an instance such as this as environmental determinism because a civilizations environment positively affected everyday life. Political systems were also influenced by the geography because regional city-states near the rivers plopped strongly under leadership of the upper class. Although, at first, the geography of Mesopotamia had a negative effect on the belief systems, it eventually produced widespread development in political, economic, and social organizations. : In contrast, Ancient Egypt developed and remained optimistic in history because of its environment. Geographically, the Nile River unified the region and made agriculture possible while the desert offered protection from nomadic invaders necessary for the evolution of centralized political authority. The Nile provided the civilization with optimism about the future because it produced soil-rich areas for agriculture. Egypt more defensible geography and sea-nourished Nile River resulted in a more politically, socially, and economically secure civilization. In Asia, geography plays a major factor in the development of many civilizations. Separate regions caused economic diversity, racial differences, and diversity of language. China development was very original because, just like Egypt, deserts, seas, and mountains isolated it. However, Chinas environment was characterized by the Yellow and Yanking rivers as well as patterns of mountain ranges that created disunity throughout Chinas history. Downfalls in dynasties inhibited political, social, and economic developments. It can be seen that a civilizations geography greatly contributes to its own future because of the major effect it has on whether it succeeds or does not. In the regions of Micronesian, civilizations developed based on intensive agriculture. Geographically, the region of Mesospheric was a complex patchwork of zones divided into tropical lowlands and coasts. These climatic variations created different possibilities for human exploitation. The Elms have been called the mother civilization of Mesospheric. They grew maize, especially along rivers, and it provided the basis for a state in which complex religion dominated life. Their impressive settlements, drainage systems, temple complexes, and ability to move stones weighing tons attest to a high degree of social organization and artistic skill. Geography influenced the development of this civilization because many other civilizations were developing elsewhere in Mesospheric and had influences on the Elms religiously, socially, and economically. There was shared technology, and cultural elements were diffused to indicate political expansions during the time. Lastly, geography and environment influenced development in the Andes, specifically the Chapin culture. This culture was characterized by artistic motifs that spread widely throughout the Andean region. The Chapin artistic style was so widely diffused that archeologist call this a horizon, a period when a broad central authority seems to have integrated a widely dispersed region. Geography played a part in the political, social, and economic development of this region because permanent agricultural villages were established in the Andean highlands where Maize was introduced, crops Were grown, and pottery was made. The highlands provided a place for irrigated agriculture to produce crops, for Llamas and related animals to be domesticated, and for dense populations and hierarchical societies to be formed. It can be seen throughout the world that the geography and environment of a specific civilization greatly affects its overall success and development through history.