A Salty High Essay

I gazed there, looking among the horizon, a dawn sky brightened with the rising sun; waiting for the most unique peeler to form my way. Sitting on my 6’2 fiberglass surfboard, i was in awe at the beautiful lively nature that surrounded me. The ocean breeze sprayed against my face and the salty moisture in the air plastered to my dry lips. I noticed the seagulls in the distance, were soaring around a gigantic school of flounder, among the shallow waters of the sandbar. The tide was  demanding and it pulled me along south as I watched my towel on the beach, diminish. Surfing- it’s more than a weekend activity with the kids, or a successful football game; it’s a way of life, a lifestyle. Being encompassed by the most natural environment, can be so unwinding. Successfully maneuvering a wave takes concentration, superior balance, and no fear to a new rank. The natural high of surfing is as good a feeling as making an ‘A’ on an exam [if not better]. The white water was breaking behind me and I was forced to move beyond it. I paddled as hard as I could, but progressed nowhere. â€Å"Why,† I pondered to myself, â€Å"Why am I so weak?† I slowly pushed to the furthest sandbar, where the waves were less trifling. Surfers: the tan, salt induced bodies of them all were in harmony with nature’s sea of sodium. The hard-core wave riders were off in the distance waiting for the sets, as I rode ‘over the falls’ at the shallow cold sandbar. Becoming one with nature is the most rewarding feeling someone can experience. People have become so caught up in their daily routines, they don’t allow themselves the good points in life. In the cool waters of the ocean are the people enjoying the high, the ‘Salty High.’

The Lost Duke of Wyndham Chapter Thirteen

Grace let Amelia set the pace, and as soon as they were across the room, Amelia began whispering urgently about the events of the morning, and then about Thomas having needed her assistance, and then something about her mother. Grace just nodded, her eyes constantly darting toward the door. Thomas would be there at any moment, and although she had no idea what she might do to prevent what would surely be a disastrous encounter, she could not possibly think of anything else. Meanwhile, Amelia kept on whispering. Grace had just enough presence of mind to catch the end, when Amelia said: â€Å"†¦I beg of you not to contradict.† â€Å"Of course not,† Grace said quickly, because surely Amelia had made the same request Thomas had minutes earlier. If not, then she had no idea what she was agreeing to when she added, â€Å"You have my word.† At that point, Grace wasn't sure she cared. They continued walking, lapsing into silence as they promenaded past Mr. Audley, who gave them a rather knowing nod and a smile as they went by. â€Å"Miss Eversleigh,† he murmured. â€Å"Lady Amelia.† â€Å"Mr. Audley,† Amelia returned. Grace managed the same, but her voice was unpleasant and croaky. Amelia began whispering again once they were well past Mr. Audley, but just then Grace heard heavy footsteps in the hall. She twisted about to see, but it was only a footman, passing by with a trunk. Grace swallowed. Oh, dear heavens, the dowager was already beginning to pack for their trip to Ireland, and Thomas did not even know of her plans. How could she have forgotten to tell him during their interview? And then she became aware of Amelia, whom she'd somehow managed to forget, even though their arms were linked. â€Å"Sorry,† she said quickly, since she suspected it was her turn to speak. â€Å"Did you say something?† Amelia shook her head and said, â€Å"No.† Grace was fairly certain this was a lie, but she was not inclined to argue. And then†¦more footsteps in the hall. â€Å"Excuse me,† Grace said, unable to bear the suspense for one moment longer. She pulled away and hurried to the open doorway. Several more servants were passing by, all clearly in preparations for the upcoming journey to Ireland. Grace returned to Amelia's side and once again took her arm. â€Å"It wasn't the duke.† â€Å"Is someone going somewhere?† Amelia asked, watching as two footmen passed the doorway, one with a trunk and another with a hatbox. â€Å"No,† Grace said. But she hated lying, and she was terrible at it, so she added, â€Å"Well, I suppose someone might be, but I do not know about it.† Which was also a lie. Wonderful. She looked at Amelia and tried to smile cheerfully. â€Å"Grace,† Amelia said quietly, looking terribly concerned, â€Å"are you all right?† â€Å"Oh, no†¦I mean, yes, I'm quite fine.† She tried for the cheerful smile again, and suspected she did a worse job of it than before. â€Å"Grace,† Amelia whispered, her voice taking on a new and rather unsettlingly sly tone, â€Å"are you in love with Mr. Audley?† â€Å"No!† Oh, good heavens, that was loud. Grace looked over at Mr. Audley. Not that she'd wanted to, but they'd just turned a corner and were facing him again, and she couldn't avoid it. His face was tilted slightly down, but she could see him looking up at her, rather bemused. â€Å"Mr. Audley,† she said, because with him watching her, it seemed she should acknowledge him, even if he was too far away to hear. But then, as soon as she had the opportunity, she turned back to Amelia, furiously whispering, â€Å"I've only just met him. Yesterday. No, the day before.† Oh, she was a ninny. She shook her head and looked firmly in front of her. â€Å"I can't recall.† â€Å"You've been meeting many intriguing gentlemen lately,† Amelia commented. Grace turned to her sharply. â€Å"Whatever can you mean?† â€Å"Mr. Audley†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Amelia teased. â€Å"The Italian highwayman.† â€Å"Amelia!† â€Å"Oh, that's right, you said he was Scottish. Or Irish. You weren't certain.† Amelia's brow scrunched in thought. â€Å"Where is Mr. Audley from? He has a bit of lilt as well.† â€Å"I do not know,† Grace ground out. Where was Thomas? She dreaded his arrival, but the anticipation of it was worse. And then Amelia – good heavens, why? – called out, â€Å"Mr. Audley!† Grace turned and looked at a wall. â€Å"Grace and I were wondering where you are from,† Amelia said. â€Å"Your accent is unfamiliar to me.† â€Å"Ireland, Lady Amelia, a bit north of Dublin.† â€Å"Ireland!† Amelia exclaimed. â€Å"My goodness, you are far afield.† They'd finished circling the room, but Grace remained standing even after Amelia had disengaged herself and sat down. Then Grace moved toward the door as subtly as she was able. â€Å"How are you enjoying Lincolnshire, Mr. Audley?† she heard Amelia ask. â€Å"I find it most surprising.† â€Å"Surprising?† Grace peered out into the hall, still half listening to the conversation behind her. â€Å"My visit here has not been what I expected,† Mr. Audley said, and Grace could well imagine his amused smile as he said that. â€Å"Really?† Amelia responded. â€Å"What did you expect? I assure you, we are quite civilized in this corner of England.† â€Å"Very much so,† he murmured. â€Å"More so than is my preference, as a matter of fact.† â€Å"Why, Mr. Audley,† Amelia responded, â€Å"whatever can that mean?† If he made a reply, Grace did not hear it. Just then she saw Thomas coming down the hall, all tidied up and looking like a duke again. â€Å"Oh,† she said, the word slipping from her lips. â€Å"Excuse me.† She hurried into the hall, waving madly toward Thomas so as not to alert Amelia and Mr. Audley to her distress. â€Å"Grace,† he said, moving forward with great purpose, â€Å"what is the meaning of this? Penrith told me that Amelia was here to see me?† He did not slow as he approached, and Grace realized he meant for her to fall in step beside him. â€Å"Thomas, wait,† she said with hushed urgency, and she grabbed his arm and yanked him to a halt. He turned to her, one of his brows rising into a haughty arch. â€Å"It's Mr. Audley,† she said, pulling him back even farther from the door. â€Å"He is in the drawing room.† Thomas glanced toward the drawing room and then back at Grace, clearly not comprehending. â€Å"With Amelia,† she practically hissed. All traces of his unflappable exterior vanished. â€Å"What the hell?† he cursed. He looked sharply back toward the drawing room, not that he could possibly have seen inside from his vantage point. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"I don't know,† Grace said, her voice snapping with irritation. Why would she know why? â€Å"He was in there when I arrived. Amelia said she saw him walking by the doorway and thought he was you.† His body shuddered. Visibly. â€Å"What did he say?† â€Å"I don't know. I wasn't there. And then I couldn't very well interrogate her in his presence.† â€Å"No, of course not.† Grace waited in silence for him to say more. He was pinching the bridge of his nose, and he looked rather as if his head were aching. Trying to offer some sort of not unpleasant news, she said, â€Å"I'm quite sure that he did not reveal his†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Oh, good heavens. How was she to put it? â€Å"†¦identity to her,† she finished with a wince. Thomas gave her a thoroughly awful look. â€Å"It is not my fault, Thomas,† she retorted. â€Å"I did not say that it was.† His voice was stiff, and he did not offer any more words before stalking off to the drawing room. From the moment Grace rushed from the room, neither Jack nor Lady Amelia had uttered a word. It was as if they had reached an unspoken agreement; silence would prevail while they both tried to make out what was being said in the hall. Jack had always considered himself better than average in the art of eavesdropping, but he was unable to catch even the sound of their whispers. Still, he had a fair idea of what was being said. Grace was warning Wyndham that the evil Mr. Audley had got his claws into the lovely and innocent Lady Amelia. And then Wyndham would curse – under his breath, of course, as he would never be so crass as to do so in front of a lady – and demand to know what had been said. The whole thing would have been highly entertaining if not for her, and the morning. And the kiss. Grace. He wanted her back. He wanted the woman he'd held in his arms, not the one who'd stiffly walked the perimeter of the room with Lady Amelia, eyeing him as if he were going to steal the silver at any moment. He supposed it was amusing. Somehow. And he supposed he ought to congratulate himself. Whatever she felt for him, it was not disinterest. Which would have been the cruelest response of all. But for the first time, he was finding that his conquest of a lady was not a game to be played. He did not care about the thrill of the chase, about remaining one enjoyable and entertaining step ahead, about planning the seduction and then carrying it out with flair and flourish. He simply wanted her. Maybe even forever. He glanced over at Lady Amelia. She was leaning forward, her head tilted ever so slightly to the side, as if to place her ear at the best possible angle. â€Å"You won't be able to hear them,† Jack said. The look she gave him was priceless. And completely false. â€Å"Oh, don't pretend you weren't trying,† he scolded. â€Å"I certainly was.† â€Å"Very well.† Lady Amelia waited for a moment, then asked, â€Å"What do you suppose they are talking about?† Ah, curiosity would always win out with this one. She was more intelligent than she let on at first acquaintance, he decided. He shrugged, feigning ignorance. â€Å"Difficult to say. I would never presume to understand the female mind, or that of our esteemed host.† She turned sharply in surprise. â€Å"You do not like the duke?† â€Å"I did not say that,† Jack replied. But of course they both knew that he had. â€Å"How long do you stay at Belgrave?† she asked. He smiled. â€Å"Eager to be rid of me, Lady Amelia?† â€Å"Of course not. I saw the servants moving trunks about. I thought perhaps they were yours.† He fought to keep his expression even. He did not know why he was surprised that the old biddy had already begun to pack. â€Å"I imagine they belong to the dowager,† he replied. â€Å"Is she going somewhere?† He almost laughed at the hopeful expression on her face. â€Å"Ireland,† he said absently, before it occurred to him that perhaps this woman of all people ought not to be let in on the plans. Or maybe she was the one person who truly ought to be told. She certainly deserved to know. She deserved a sainthood, in his opinion, if indeed she planned to go through with her marriage to Wyndham. He could not imagine anything less pleasant than spending one's life with such an arrogant prig. And then, as if summoned by his thoughts, the arrogant prig appeared. â€Å"Amelia.† Wyndham was standing in the doorway in all his ducal splendor. Save for the lovely eye, Jack thought with some satisfaction. It was even gorier than the evening before. â€Å"Your grace,† she replied. â€Å"How lovely to see you,† Wyndham said once he had joined them. â€Å"I see that you have met our guest.† â€Å"Yes,† Lady Amelia said, â€Å"Mr. Audley is quite diverting.† â€Å"Quite,† Wyndham said. Jack thought he looked as if he had just eaten a radish. Jack had always hated radishes. â€Å"I came to see Grace,† Lady Amelia said. â€Å"Yes, of course,† Wyndham replied. â€Å"Alas,† Jack put in, enjoying the awkwardness of the exchange, â€Å"I found her first.† Wyndham's response was pure icy disdain. Jack smiled in return, convinced that would irritate him far more than anything he could have said. â€Å"I found him, actually,† Lady Amelia said. â€Å"I saw him in the hall. I thought he was you.† â€Å"Astounding, isn't it?† Jack murmured. He turned to Lady Amelia. â€Å"We are nothing alike.† â€Å"No,† Wyndham said sharply, â€Å"we are not.† â€Å"What do you think, Miss Eversleigh?† Jack asked, rising to his feet. It seemed he was the only one who had noticed that she had entered the room. â€Å"Do the duke and I share any traits?† Grace's lips parted for a full second before she spoke. â€Å"I'm afraid I do not know you well enough to be an accurate judge.† â€Å"Well said, Miss Eversleigh,† he replied, offering her a nod of compliment. â€Å"May I infer, then, that you know the duke quite well?† â€Å"I have worked for his grandmother for five years. During that time I have been fortunate enough to learn something of his character.† â€Å"Lady Amelia,† Wyndham said, clearly eager to cut short the conversation, â€Å"may I escort you home?† â€Å"Of course,† she said. â€Å"So soon?† Jack murmured, just to make trouble. â€Å"My family will be expecting me,† Lady Amelia said, even though she had not made any indication of this before Wyndham had offered to remove her. â€Å"We will leave right now, then,† Wyndham said. His fiancee took his arm and stood. â€Å"Er, your grace!† Jack turned immediately at the sound of Grace's voice. â€Å"If I might have a word with you,† she said from her position near the door, â€Å"before you, er, depart. Please.† Wyndham excused himself and followed her into the hall. They were still visible from the drawing room, although it was difficult – indeed impossible – to glean their conversation. â€Å"Whatever can they be discussing?† Jack said to Lady Amelia. â€Å"I am sure I have no idea,† she bit off. â€Å"Nor I,† he said, keeping his voice light and breezy. Just for contrast. Life was infinitely more entertaining that way. And then they heard: â€Å"Ireland!† That was Wyndham, and rather loud, too. Jack leaned forward to get a better view, but the duke took Grace's arm and steered her out of sight. And earshot. â€Å"We have our answer,† Jack murmured. â€Å"He can't be upset that his grandmother is leaving the country,† Lady Amelia said. â€Å"I would think he'd be planning a celebration.† â€Å"I rather think Miss Eversleigh has informed him that his grandmother intends that he accompany her.† â€Å"To Ireland?† Amelia shook her head. â€Å"Oh, you must be mistaken.† He shrugged, feigning indifference. â€Å"Perhaps. I am but a newcomer here.† And then she launched into quite the most ambitious speech: â€Å"Aside from the fact that I cannot imagine why the dowager would wish to go to Ireland – not that I wouldn't like to see your beautiful country, but it does not seem in character for the dowager, whom I have heard speak disparagingly of Northumberland, the Lake District, and indeed all of Scotland†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She paused, presumably to breathe. â€Å"Ireland seems a bit of a stretch for her.† He nodded, since it seemed expected. â€Å"But really, it makes no sense that she would wish for his grace to accompany her. They do not care for each other's company.† â€Å"How politely said, Lady Amelia,† Jack commented. â€Å"Does anyone care for their company?† Her eyes widened in shock, and it occurred to him that perhaps he should have limited his insult to the dowager alone, but just then Wyndham strode back into the room, looking angry and arrogant. And almost certainly worthy of whatever sort of insult Jack might give to him. â€Å"Amelia,† he said with brisk indifference, â€Å"I am afraid I will not be able to see you home. I do apologize.† â€Å"Of course,† she said, as if she could possibly say anything else. â€Å"I shall make every arrangement for your comfort. Perhaps you would like to select a book from the library?† â€Å"Can you read in a coach?† Jack queried. â€Å"Can you not?† she returned. â€Å"I can,† he replied with great flair. â€Å"I can do almost anything in a coach. Or with a coach,† he added, with a smile toward Grace, who stood in the doorway. Wyndham glared at him and grabbed his fiancee's arm, hauling her rather unceremoniously to her feet. â€Å"It was lovely meeting you, Mr. Audley,† Lady Amelia said. â€Å"Yes,† he said lightly, â€Å"it does seem that you are leaving.† â€Å"Amelia,† the duke said, his voice even more abrupt than before. He led her from the room. Jack followed them to the doorway, looking for Grace, but she had disappeared. Ah well, perhaps that was for the best. He glanced toward the window. The skies had darkened, and it appeared that rain would be imminent. Time for that walk, he decided. The rain would be cold. And wet. And precisely what he needed.

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Reasons why the Proof for the Existence of God is Necessary - Research Paper Example The thesis of this paper is principally on religion and the analysis of the company. It looks down to exhibiting the purpose of God in the companies’ welfare. In addition, the essay is worth reading, as it brings out cordial relations of the different employees in different departments. Further, it is due to God that companies manage operations with fewer constraints. The thesis is worth arguing about because without God, all operations fail. The universe as wide as it is depends on God and all living beings in it should know how they came into being. There exist five principal proofs for the existence of God. These are namely the proof that the universe had a beginning, the universe exhibit designs, there is a common morality for all human beings, the resurrection of Jesus, and a suggestion for the experience of the claims of Jesus. To begin with, it is clear that everything should have a cause and this therefore denotes the reason why the universe had a foundation (Goswami, 2008). God is the super founder of all beings. In making the universe, God used several unique means to bring out a clear picture of His (God) real self to individuals inhabiting the world. This denotes the reason why managers should view all employees as individuals of dignity. Purposely, God had a common value for all beings in the universe. The same way individuals in an organization should set common goals attainable by all employees. Christians should be accountable for arguments regarding the nature of God. All Christians have a common believe that Jesus Christ resurrected from the dead. This is significant to managers in that it imparts knowledge that despite the loopholes impeding the growth of the company, there are ways of developing the overall output. Proving the existence of God necessitates individuals to claim what Jesus Christ has done in their lives. Therefore, it is worth noting that the companies should exhibit positive deeds of the analysis work based on religiou s background. The argument regarding the proof of existence of God Company analysis refers to a phase where individuals deepen their thought to establish the problems facing the companies and determine solutions to the problems. Religion refers to the belief of some individuals to work under the control of a supernatural ruling being, God or gods. Religion is vital for the survival of the operations of the businesses established by individuals. Through religion, God the Supreme Being prevails in the worship centers. People respond differently to the sacred places where the adoration of God takes place. This is a source of power to enhance them obtain the ability to carry out distinguished tasks. God is the supernatural being in the universe believed to work with human beings to bring out several realistic goals. God exists purposely as a weapon used by particular individuals to perform specific tasks as required. It is important to consider God before carrying out any operations. Go d helps individuals to win over the other competing elements. Performance of company analysis is better after a realization of the existence of God. This is because Christians determine the profits of the companies without considering their own personal interests because of believing that God is watching over them. Due to the reason that individuals associate with various groups talking about a common enlightening being, people should have a goal for their primary reason to work with companies (Horn, 2010). They should establish and bring to light the reasons for carrying out an analysis of the company. On the contrary, it is worth arguing that God does not help individuals to

Can soft power prevent Anti-Americanism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Can soft power prevent Anti-Americanism - Essay Example hape what others want†, while hard power is â€Å"the ability to change what others do.† Hard power draws upon factors like military might and economic strength and is therefore coercive in nature while soft power banks upon cultural appeal and influencing others through means like institutions and ideological values and norms. The rise in the Anti-American sentiment in the world after the episode of the terror attacks of 9/11 and the attacks on Afghanistan and then Iraq by USA in response to the terrorist attacks, gave rise to the idea that soft power may help the American foreign policy makers in coping up with the problem. But even before determining how far soft power can take USA in improving its image in the world we need to first analyse how bad America’s existent image is in the world and which parts of the world are these where anti-Americanism needs to be combated if at all. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union which brought an end to Cold War, the United States of America stood as the sole powerful state which yielded power in almost all spheres including military, economic, technological, cultural, etc., so much so that the world had no other prospective competitor which could challenge the might of the USA. This change of events in the 1990s meant that the world was now uni-polar and USA was its only pole of power. With the onset of the 21st century however, it is believed that USA will not long be able to maintain this position as the sole super power of the world and as we speak this moment the power dynamics of the world are undergoing a great change and reorientation. â€Å"Some observers believe that the American era is coming to an end, as the Western-oriented world order is replaced by one increasingly dominated by the East† (Ikenberry, 2002) The growing power of China in Economic and diplomatic spheres for some is an indication of likely power struggle between USA and China which will soon ensue as a result of the challenge which

Explore the Importance of Cultures and Tradition Essay Example for Free

Explore the Importance of Cultures and Tradition Essay Veronica is a short story by Adewale Maja-Pearce. It teaches of how cultures, traditions, relationships, expectations and money force two people raised in the same cultural background, to separate and move on, for better and for worse as their lives take different paths. The story shows the great contrast between African village life and African town life. In the story, Okekà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ the ever-lasting male friend of Veronica is drawn by the attraction of the city for the opportunities he sees for himself. The young woman Veronica on the other hand does not desire to leave their decomposing village for the city. She rejects Okekes offer for numerous reasons. The Gold Cadillac is a similar short story by Mildred Taylor. The Gold Cadillac tells the tale of a young black family from the North of America who purchase a new and rather extravagant car. Much to the despair of their relatives, the father of the household decides to ride the car down to the south, which is soon conveyed to be very racist. This story holds similar themes to that of Veronica as it shows, the contrast in how people from different cultural backgrounds are treated in different parts of America. It is also similar to veronica in that we see the contrasting beliefs amongst the same culture of people within the family. In the story of Veronica we are immediately informed that the local people of this village exist under cultural tradition. The author brings emphasise to them living in a small traditional village with the potential for strong beliefs and cultural traditions by the use of, my native village, which suggests remote, old fashioned almost primitive moral ideas. This is because the word, native is often used to describe tribes, in distant undeveloped ethnic areas. This assumption is confirmed as we learn that one of these beliefs is the important contrast between men and womans expectations. Adewale Maja-Pearce calls attention to this through presenting to Veronicas responsibilities to the reader, a lot of the responsibility for bringing up the other children had fallen on her, the use of the word, fallen also implies that she did not chose to be given these responsibilities, but that her cultural traditions had forced them on her. We also recognize that the society in which Veronica is living in is male dominated and that men feel that they are more important, by the use of Maja-Pearce explaining the way in which Veronicas father acts towards her, Night after night I would lie awake listening to her screams, as her beats her. One can be certain that this is very much the opinion of the entire village as another man, Okekes father, would not intervene, implying that this nature of behaviour towards women was common-place, cursing myself for my own physical inadequacy and my father for his unwillingness to become involved. This shows the importance of these cultures and traditions to people, because a grown man would not prevent the suffering of one of his own people where he had the opportunity, due to the expectations of their society, enforced by their traditions, and further shows the native peoples strong belief in it. Adewale Maja-Pearce also explores the different opportunities that men and women receive in the native village. Women, such as Veronica, were not authorised, what was in many countries at the time the story was written, the right of an education, as men such as Okekà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ were, When I was twelve I started at the secondary school in town a few miles away, she included this to the story to enforce the strong contrast of opportunities and rights between men and women in the village Women were not allowed to attend a school in this village because in the eyes of the natives, they had no reason to as it was expected of the women to remain at their home and perform chores, such as cleaning, caring for the younger children and cooking for the family, she shows this through veronicas knowledge of what she must do, I have to go and cook my father will be home soon, the Author also stresses this point by the use of , I have to, which implies that Veronica has no choice. However this further illustrates how Veronica is used to her responsibilities, enforced by the culture which she lives in and actually accepts her status quo. I cant just leave my family. This demonstrates how Veronica, as she gets older, comes to believe that her place is the home, and that all of the responsibility and unfair expectation is justified. However there was a time in which veronica was curious about education and would have liked to go to school, and she asked me endless questions about my school. It also further emphasises her loyalty to her family, as when asked, What have they ever done for you? she replies without hesitation, showing her certainty in what she says, Dont talk like that, they are my family, that is enough. Most interestingly, she shows much devotion and respect to her father as she cooks for him despite the way he treated her throughout her life, And although her father had long stopped beating her in every other respect nothing had really altered. Caring for people for Veronica was much harder than anyone in Britain could understand, as she would have had no modern appliances; everything would have been done by hand, which is much, more time consuming. The way in which she responded to Okekes remark, (stated above), with such certainty also shows that she thought it as a duty to her family to perform the traditions and expectations enforced by her society. In conclusion this shows how important tradition was to the people of this culture in the story because, Veronica is willing to put her family first, before her, in her order of priorities even though it jeopardized her future, because if she had of gone to the city and become a secretary as she was offered, she may have been successful and gained wealth and happiness as Okekà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ did, however she refused because of her outstanding devotion to her family and further because it fits with the cultural tradition of women caring for their families, she did not even consid er the proposal for a minute, which also shows that she, knows her place, and what is expected of her. Veronica plays a menial role in life, but she accepts it, as she plays a subservient role working for her father, never trying to achieve anything more as she believes that she neither has the capabilities or the reason to go to the city as she already has a role to play where she is, as carer for her family, and almost slave to her father. This is why she rejects the city that symbolises success, Dont talk foolishness The key women in, Veronica, and, The Gold Cadillac, can be seen to have some very crucial similarities. It can be observed that both characters feel they have a very strong duty towards their families but furthermore are willing to sacrifice their own lives for the sake of these families. Veronica gave up the chance to lead a successful life in the city where she would achieve independence as she would break away from the chauvinistic society, I leave that for others, my own place is here. We can be assured that she does this for the sake of family by the use of, I cant just leave my family, this again shows her strong sense of duty towards her family. The same can be observed in, The Gold Cadillac. The mother of the story, unlike the naive children, understands the dangerous racism of the south and the possibility that he may be in danger. We can see her feeling of duty towards the family through her willingness to risk her life and her daughters just to be with her husband so that they are all together, the girls and I will be going with you. There is a large contrast between this traditional African village life and the modern African town life. The reader is alerted of this contrast by the use of the different beliefs of the women in the Town, when compared to those living In the village who believe in the more traditional values, God has blessed us with as son, whereas the women in the village are far more, materialistic this is shown by the use of Adewale Maja-Pearce shocking Okekà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ who was brought up on traditional village beliefs, as he found that women were not as interested in him as a person, but for his money, All the women I meet are only interested in my money and cars. This contrast is also shown by Veronica, who believes in village traditions, when she responds to Okekà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, I dont believe you, she cannot understand their views. Adewale Maja-Pearce includes this huge contrast between traditional African village life and modern African town life, so that she could separate the two characters. And show how Okekà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, who moved on with his life became successful in the wealth area, whereas Veronica who did not let go of what she was brought up on, found much misery, but was blessed with a son and a husband. Veronica found love. I think that Adewale Maja-Pearce was trying to stress that although cultures may seem unjust with their traditions from onlookers, who cannot understand them, that are in some aspects bad, represented by Veronicas father, where these cultures are represented in the story as the, native village life, can also please people with different moral beliefs, such as Veronica who did not desire material possessions, as these peoples cultures allow them find what they value, for veronica love and security with her own family, He is a good man, god has blessed us with a son. Whereas places of opportunity, represented by the use of the Town which Okekà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ moved to, provide liberation, that brings material success, such as wealth, however it may not bring true happiness, as in the case of Okekà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ who found career success, but did not succeed in love as he has no wife, I have no wife, All the women I meet are only interested in money and cars.

Military Dictatorship and Hieratical Political Leaders Essay Example for Free

Military Dictatorship and Hieratical Political Leaders Essay Military dictatorship and hieratical political leaders failed in Bangladesh Military dictatorship and hieratical political leaders failed in Bangladesh to institutionalize democracy and ensure development and liberty for the people. It looks like that we have to restart from the beginning. As early as 1965 the late Akhter hamid Khan of Comilla Academy had a vision to take government to the doorstep of common people through a local government and micro- enterprises under cooperative with management support from a rural based bureaucrats and reduce the revenue urden of the central government a corresponding reduction of members in the centralized bureaucratic administration. To invoke public propositions and opinion in this regard, the following few points have been innumerate to be further developed in future. . Bangladesh was liberated by the toiling masses at great sacrifices primarily by farmers, labors and students, though history did not credit them for their role and instead placed all laurels and benefits of the liberation war to the army, politicians, bureaucrats, greedy elitist and business community to whom all the ealth and privileges and legal concessions of all the Governments have been showered upon. Another liberation war is necessary to liberate real peoples and ensure their development. 2. points were fundamental basis of ensuring all right, entitlement Justice to peoples of a promised Sonar Bangla. On that same basis we have to restructure reform our executive Judicial functions with maximum autonomy power to local government leaving only such functions as National security, Foreign affairs, Currency, reserve bank federal financi al affairs, Planning upport and coordination, One integrated national Industrial corporation for development of Basic large Industries, One integrated R D council for development of Science and technology, with major emphasis on empirical research. One National Multimode integrated Transport Network System, One National IT Centre for networking all ministerial local government functions, archiving and retrieving data and information etc. 3. Democracy, Socialism, non-alignment and secularism were the basis of our constitution which was tempered and tailored many times by all Governments to suit certain specific objective of some leaders and their party. The basic principles of a constitution should be sealed for any amendment except through referendum only. The 1st constitution of Bangladesh had some clauses with embedded party interest such as preventive detention under article 33, unrestricted tenure for PM;s office article 57, Local Govt. structure and power as in article 59 60, blind following of party line as in article 70 and many others. Though all parties derive certain benefits from these, they must be recast to reflect public pinion on them. . The chapters and clauses on part VI Judiciary contains no structural, Judicial and procedural reforms to ensure dispensing timely Justice within affordable cost. The system has become single biggest obstacle towards prevention of vices and chapters and clauses on part IX Services of Bangladesh contains no structural and procedural reforms to convert the servants of the colonial masters to respectable employees of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. Myopic planning, redtapism and fund crumpling are common causes of all or most project failures in Bangladesh. PSC failure to recruit proper personnel on the basis of personnel integrity, meritocracy, accountability and preference to generalist in place of function based specialist are major causes for rise of a elitist, high living and corrupt bureaucrats who hold every thread of power over political government and who will never allow local government function to be within control of elected local government as the same will hamper their financial interest. . Reorganization of Statutory bodies ; state owned enterprise, public undertakings including banking, securities, and non banking inancial enterprises in Bangladesh is essential as they have substantial bearing on our economy caused due to drainage of capital through loans given to be subsequently classified. Project failure and loss of employment, flight of capital and money laundering, low FDI, management failure, undisciplined labor, lack of accountability and transferency etc. 7. Prepare a total guide line proposal for long, medium and short term development plan for developing Bangladesh with a vision to raise it to a modern state with an egalitarian society by dismantling the existing horrible wealth gap between rich and poor.

Speed control of dc motor using pll

Speed control of dc motor using pll INTRODUCTION: Feasibility Study, for final year project, is to establish whether the project is technically or financially feasible. The aim for the report is to ascertain an understanding between the student and the supervisor on the title of the project. It also requires establishing an understanding on the matter of aims and objectives. Such understanding is vital for the success of the project. The project work, that is to be undertaken, should be well planned so as to oversee the problems that lay ahead. Thus, the report delivers some insight into the planning phase. It gives aims and objectives for the project and explains various stages of work which will be involved. It further gives out a time plan that would direct the project itself through out the year. Such a planning would ensure the success of the project. Hence, the documentation of such a planning gives Feasibility Study. AIMS: Use the technique of Phase Locked based speed estimator to control the speed of a DC motor. To create the overall system with, A Phase Locked Loop (PLL) for the speed feedback. A Phase Detection Logic that would compare the user speed (set point/frequency) to the motors actual speed. A method for detection of the speed of the DC motor. OBJECTIVES: A firm grip of theory on the Phase Locked Loop would clear all the concepts of such a technique and its industrial uses. To devise a ‘Closed Loop Control System that would enable the user to control the speed of the DC motor. It should be based on frequency domain design techniques (bode diagrams). Detail work on the logic for Phase Detector or Synthesizer. Research on how the Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) works. To use a suitable optical sensor that senses and returns the speed of the DC motor. The logic behind the signals, to and from the sensor, to be calculated. Using Mat-lab for devising the transfer function and Tina for the circuit of the system. Designing the hardware for the system. TOPIC OVERVIEW: A Phase Lock Loop (PLL) synchronizes an output signal with a reference or input signal in frequency as well as in phase.Phase Locked Loop is used in various communication networks to chuck out noise from various signals. Here it is used to control the speed of a DC motor. This is because PLL has a capability to control the manner in which the phase of the Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) follows a changing reference phase. In other words it can be said that the designer can make the loop to follow quickly or sluggishly to the original input signal. This characteristic would enable users to control the speed of the DC motor. WORK STAGES: Literature Search A brief research, comprising of study related to Phase Locked Loop and Control System such as closed loop system, was conducted to facilitate in writing the feasibility report. Extensive study in the mentioned fields must be obtained before the practical work is started. Research would be required to deal with the prospect of working out the components for the PLL Fig 2. Comprehensive research would also be required to create and build the circuits for the components in Fig1. Phase detection logic have to be devised that would require the time. Study related to transfer functions, of an order, that uses frequency domain should be done. Further study for the Bode diagrams would be needed. Simulink for the Mat-Lab and Tina would require some attention as they are the primary tool for testing. A research in optical sensors would be likely and the transfer of data, to and from the sensor, would need investigation. The speed of the motor and what is given by the user can be represented on a screen. An insight into it would be an option. The equipments provided, like PLL IC and VCO Unit, would require thorough study. Block Diagram Design Protocol Design This phase of the work will be based on Mat-lab and Tina. The experiment would be simulation of the transfer function. Once the theory for the transfer function is completed, the derived function is written in Mat-lab and the corresponding bode graphs are investigated. These graphs would give a comprehensive illustration of the relevant components in the system. In other words it can be presumed, for the mat-lab simulation, that it would provide every bit of detailed information before the real circuit is built and the motor is accelerated. Pseudo-Code Pseudo-Code is a program code unrelated to the hardware of a particular computer and requiring conversion to the code used by the computer before the program can be used. This area of work deals with what is called extensive programming. The project would not require such level of programming. It would only require the simulation for the transfer function via using Mat-lab. Hence learning the software would be crucial for the success of the project. CAPITAL RESOURCES: The total budget allocation to the project is  £ 50. The equipment used within the project are given to be, Phase Locked Loop (PLL) IC. Op-amps ICs VCO Unit and Counter Usual lab equipment Software Mat-Lab 7.0 ( Simulate the transfer function of the control system) Tina 6.02 (For designing and testing the circuits) PROJECT TIME PLAN REFERENCES: http://dictionary.reference.com/ for definitions http://hem.passagen.se/communication/fm_pll_vco.html an insight for the VCO unit and PLL unit. Phase-locked loops : design, simulation, and applications / Roland E. Best.(621.3815364 BES) Phase-locked loops : theory and applications / John L. Stensby (621.3815364 STE) Phase-Lock Basics/ William F.Egan(621.3815364 EDA) The art of Electronics, Second Edition/ Paulhorowitz Winfield Hill. Phase Locked Loops, 1993/ J.B.Encinas Modern Control System Theory and Design, Second Edition/Stanley M.Shinners Speed Control of a stepper motor using PLL, University of Hertfordshire,2005/ Anthony Richard Phase Locked Loops, University of Hertfordshire,2003/ Mihir Shah Design of a phase locked loop for coherent optical demodulat, University of Hertfordshire,2005/ Hua Zhou ‘The control second order system fo PLL, University of Hertfordshire,2006/ Mingshu http://dictionary.reference.com/ for definitions http://hem.passagen.se/communication/fm_pll_vco.html an insight for the VCO unit and PLL unit. Phase-locked loops : design, simulation, and applications / Roland E. Best.(621.3815364 BES) Phase-locked loops : theory and applications / John L. Stensby (621.3815364 STE)

Elaeagnus Angustifolia and Tamarix Ramossisima :: Agriculture Plants Environment Essays Papers

Elaeagnus Angustifolia and Tamarix Ramossisima Introduction The topic that is going to be discussed is the Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) and the Salt cedar (Tamarix ramossisima). Both of these species are noxious weeds that are also non-native plants that were brought over from Europe. Both of these subjects history, where they originated, and where they occupy will be covered. Also both of their economic advantages as well as their disadvantages will also be discussed. Salt Cedar The salt cedar is believed to have originated from southern Europe, the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and Africa. Out of the 54 species known worldwide eight of them preside and have been introduced into the U.S... A brief description of this species is that it can grow up to 5 to 20 feet tall. The reason for the great distance in size is because they are divided into two groups, which are similar to the evergreen tree or a deciduous shrubby type species. It was mainly used as an ornamental landscaping plant on the sides of roads. The reason why this tree was chosen is because of its ability to survive in a variety of areas and because it is very adaptable and tolerant. However, because of some of these traits it also ended up becoming a hassle. Other traits that make it a lot of trouble is it is able to produce rapidly from hundreds to thousands of seeds being dispersed. These seeds are numerous but what makes the matter worse is that after being exposed to moisture it only takes the seedling 24 hours to germinate making it able to reproduce at an astounding rate. Which means more plants competing in an ecosystem that has been changed to the salt cedar conditions. This is done by the salt cedar through its glands that release salts in its leaves and younger stems that when they fall to the ground it makes the soil no to the standards of many of the other species of plants in the area reducing diversity in the area. They are also less tolerable to fire, which causes them to burn easier and allows the fire to spread in a wider area. However, the advantage they have over the other plants after this occurs is that they are able to recover faster than other species because they have become better adapted to fires. The ones that grow near streams and other water sources narrow channels causing an increase in the water flow, which can eventually lead to flooding.

Object Oriented Development :: essays research papers

BSA400 – Week 3 Individual Paper University of Phoenix, Online Object Oriented Development   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When I first started learning how to write code, I had never heard the term â€Å"Object Oriented Development†, or even â€Å"Object Oriented Modeling.† I’m sure that some form of both of these existed, but they might not have been referred to in exactly those words. Fifteen years of coding later, I was finally indoctrinated in the ways of object oriented development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first language that I learned to use was BASIC, which was very simple and easy to learn. There were no objects per se, and the code was pretty much written from the top down. Now that I understand the mechanics of object oriented development, I can see that there were parts of the language that could be considered objects, especially from a design point of view. Even though most of my programs were written from the top down and were executed from the top down, a lot of them incorporated logic that was reused multiple times. Blocks of code that contained that logic could usually be segregated from the rest of the code. Instead of appearing multiple times, these blocks would be written only once, but â€Å"called† multiple times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After BASIC, the next language that I learned was Pascal, named after the seventeenth century French mathematician. Compared to BASIC, Pascal was a much more organized language, with the code separated into actual blocks demarcated with â€Å"BEGIN† and â€Å"END† statements. Against my instructor’s wishes, as well as popular programming practice, I still coded from the top down. I suppose this would have been an issue if I was entering code on punch cards. Luckily, though, these programs were all on monitors, so I could go back and forth through the document, correcting errors and changing the code where necessary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After Pascal, I learned a few more languages, slowly realizing that maybe it wasn’t a great idea to always code from the top down. Another bad habit that I was slowly trying to rid myself of was writing code without a design document. A design document can be written in either plain English or pseudo code. With plain English, I would just write out what each part of the program should do, and then translate those concepts into code. Pseudo code is a cross between plain English and full code, using elements of both. Even though it might not be easily readable by someone without a working knowledge of that particular language, a lot of the time it could be figured out fairly quickly.

Death of a Salesman Essay

What techniques does Arthur Miller use to highlight the conflict between past and present in Death of a Salesman? How do these techniques also demonstrate his main themes? Death of a Salesman is set in a time when the capitalist system is changing. It is set in the late 1940s, not long after the Wall Street crash in 1929. Willy Loman is unable to adjust to these changes and therefore, there is conflict between the past, where his dreams were achievable, and the present, where he has fallen foul of the capitalist system and is no longer any use to the firm. These conflicts are personified in Willy, and Arthur Miller uses a number of techniques to highlight this. The techniques Miller uses represent Willy’s mind and they distinguish between past and present. These theatrical methods also help to demonstrate the main themes in Death of a Salesman. These theatrical methods include music, lighting, wall-lines, scenery, the use of leaves and also use of costumes. In my essay I plan to explain what each method conveys to the audience and show how Miller uses these methods effectively to highlight the conflicts. Music is used to highlight significant points and themes in the play. Also, the type of music sets the mood for a scene. It creates atmosphere and conveys to the audience the emotions of the characters. Also, silence can highlight a particular scene. The absence of music means that the audience focuses entirely on the conversation taking place. In Death of a Salesman, flute music is heard constantly throughout the duration of the play. It bridges the play, as it is heard both at the beginning and the end. The flute music evokes a faraway, idyllic world, representing the past. It also represents a contrast between Willy and his father. Willy’s father was a pioneer; he made flutes and sold his own products. Willy, on the other hand, has to sell other people’s goods to make a living. A good example of music being used to set the scene is at the beginning of the restaurant scene. The lights have blacked out signifying the end of the previous scene ‘Suddenly rollicking music is heard. ‘ This is setting the mood of the scene for the audience. It shows that the atmosphere is happy and lively. This is to show the mood of the present time. It is a contrast to the past. By having rollicking music, Miller is highlighting this contrast. This links to the theme of Happy and shows more of an insight into his character. Happy has chosen this restaurant and it shows the kind of life he lives, and this is a contrast to Willy.

Conflict and Functionalist Theory Differences Essay

Introduction The conflict theory originated from Karl max, the famous sociologist, during his original development of the theory and his fine-tuning work, he included the qualifications of other sociologists like Georg Samuel and Max Weber which he considered were necessary (Cliffs 1971: 12-16).   According to the theory, positivism does not necessarily answer everything contrary to believes of functionalists. In general, the conflict theory states that everything happens for reasons other than a general believe that it was just supposed to happen; there are causes and influences which cause such things to happen and the responsibility lies solely on the people and there main purpose is not to gain knowledge only as a functionalist but the transformation of the gained knowledge into action (Durkheim 1915: 23-27).   According to the theory even scientists should be activist with regard to their theories, not only explain why such things happen, instead, they are supposed to instigate the necessary changes in their theories in order to help resolve these issues (Cliffs 1971: 17-20). Read more: Functionalist and Conflict Perspectives The theory differences The believers of conflict theory and functionalist theory have clear differences in their beliefs, because when functionalist say that they do everything they do because ‘we love to do it’, the conflict theory belief that our societies are not guided necessarily by stability or anything of the sort, but it is possible to transformed the whole society into something totally new (John & Simpson 1951: 16-20). Karlmax, Simmed and Weber, and the believers of conflict theory belief that anything that can cause a difference has the capacity to cause a conflict also, be either in areas of competition, opinions, interests and even power, but to a functionalist these issues do not have any serious problems even though conflict theorists do believe that they exhibit other unseen reasons other than the issue of just because â€Å"we like it† (Merton 1968: 10-15). The way functionalists see the world All functionalists believers emphasize on the importance of value consensus in society and they do not expect any conflict to occur and if it occurs it is seen as being temporal which will be simply counteracted as the society continues to become better and their main concern of these conflicts is to accept them as small issues when compared to the need for consensus and stability in the society (Cliffs 1971: 20-26). An example of a functional analysis; Shils and Young notes how ceremonies and rituals are meant to serve the purpose of promoting social integration in their society; the rituals concerning monarchy, church, government leaders, are mainly involved in public promise while the family is seen as the role it plays for members of society, like personal stability and socialization (Parsons 1951: 19-23). Comparing it with conflict theory by Marx According to Marxists and his believers of the conflict theory, there exists a fundamental conflict between different groups in our society, because, the conflict continues to increase and persist and therefore it is not temporal as functionalists clam it to be:   For example, according to Marx analyzing the conflict theory, all societies are constructed in order to survive, and we enter into relationships with the sole purpose of production (Parsons 1951: 21-25). Therefore the combined forces of production and social relationship form basis for economic or infrastructure of any society, while other aspects, like superstructures are shaped by infrastructure, for instance education system is shaped by economic factors and therefore any changes in infrastructure will lead to eventual changes in the superstructure (Simpson 1964: 21-23). The Marxist theory states that all societies have contradictions; this means there is exploitation by one social group, which leads to the creation of conflict of interests because of the main reason that this one social group owns all the factors of production which only benefits them at the expense of others who are mainly the workers (Parsons 1951: 25-28).   They therefore, propose that this trend should be stopped.   For example; the society is comprised of classes, and in its simplest form, there are two main classes of classification. The main determination of an individual to these classes is their relationship to the means of production, which are land, labor and factories (Merton 1968: 16-18). This means that this class that owns the factors of production and therefore, the most powerful. The least powerful class is therefore the one which sells its labors in order to make a living out of it. To be more specific, let us consider wages versus profit achieved by the Bourgeoisie; according to the theory, all societies operate through class of conflict as mentioned; and in a capitalist society there are oppositions between bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The real wealth is only created by the labor power of workers, but low wages are paid to the workers below the profits made the owners and this creates the major contradiction (Durkheim 1915: 29-31). Conclusion In the recent past, workers have become more differentiated and this has eliminated homogeneity in terms of class-consciousness and thus they have increased their awareness of differences between themselves and this has made the above class groups to be split and not united (John & Simpson 1951: 21-23).   It is not important therefore for the society to be characterized by the competing interest groups who are in conflict; therefore we should have ties of the following; economic power and social and secondly political ties to the ownership of means of production (Simpson 1964: 24). Work cited Cliffs, E. (1971). The System of Modern Societies. NJ: Prentice-Hall: pp12-26 Durkheim, E. (1915). The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life: A Study in Religious  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sociology. Translated by Joseph Ward Swain. New York: Macmillan press:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pp.23-31 John, A. S. and Tr. Simpson, G. (1951). Suicide: A Study in Sociology: New York IL:    Free Press: pp.16-23 Merton, R. K. (1968). Social Theory and Social Structure; New York: Free Press: pp.10-18 Parsons, T (1951). The Social System; Glencoe, IL: Free Press: pp.21-28 Simpson, G. (1964). The Division of Labor in Society; New York: Free Press: pp.21-24

Disaster in Franklin County Essay

The role of the major public health personnel, including the public health nurse, is to provide the public with accurate information, and to assure the community, as well as ensure the immediate safety and well-being of the members of the community, while being competent compassionate and accessible. The public health director was contacted by the incident commander to attend the incident briefing due to immediate and long term public health impacts. The fire chief gave report concerning how many people were confirmed dead, what time it occurred and what county(s) were affected. He made the public aware if any hazardous materials had been released and where and whether the hazardous materials team had been dispatched. He also notifies the community of areas of flooding, and any impassable roads and the roads that are closed, as well as any power outages, and possible long term problems that may occur from power loss such as water contamination, and food loss due to spoilage. The fire chief also informs the public that the plan for search and rescue has been initiated. The public health staff had previously had National Incident Management System (NIMS) training. The deputy director sets up the incident command center and does the head count of available responders. The most ideal personnel were not totally available; there were an appropriate number to set up section chiefs and command staff. The chain of command that was used in the simulation consisted of the Public Health Team which included the County Public Health Director, Environmental Health Specialists, and Community Health Nurses, as well as Franklin county staff members, mental health, and social workers, which allowed the community health nurse to have resources available that were used to deal with situations that were outside the nurse’s scope of practice included reporting to EOC well treatment hazardous waste removal. Actions taken by the community health nurse when she encountered possible emergency situations during the door-to-door interviews was to Calm and triage families and offer reassurance and instruction on safety. The public health personnel had to deal with multiple problems both during the initial period and after the immediate danger had past. Actions taken by the community health nurse to help the people who were interviewed cope with the situations after the flooding were: to advise them to stay at shelter where there is electricity and food to contact Environmental health specialists for toxic waste To contact Social services to address immediate needs and resources. To arrange for instruction on safe use of generators in English and Spanish. To make arrangement for medications to be delivered the next day. Techniques that were used or could have been used to calm the fears of the people interviewed are to use short and concise statements. Perform active listening and confirm statements by repeating it back to the person being spoken with, use confrontation avoidance, and De-escalation. The other nursing personnel could be prepared to help in responding to a similar emergency with a much larger affected area (e.g., the effect of Hurricane Katrina). Through the development of a well-organized disaster response plan. Public health staff requires National Incident Management System (NIMS) training. Emergency preparedness training should be performed at least every six months. There needs to be a method of communication in case power lines, towers and electricity are not available; have a backup system in place and know where they are located (e.g. include, walkie talkies, Morse code and emailing). Community nurses should have car stock that includes protective gear (PPE) such as N-95 mask, barriers for CPR, gloves, biohazard containers and isolation gowns. Knowledge of the basic steps that are needed to take to ensure patient safety, such as safe evacuation, and early notification will help prevent unnecessary casualties during emergencies (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. www.ahrq.gov/prep. Accessed July 21, 2006. References Centers for Public Health Education and Outreach. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cpheo1.sph.umn.edu/fcs/index.asp Health Care: Public Health Emergency Preparedness. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/prep

Constraints in Popularising Debit Card

A SUMMER PROJECT REPORT ON Constraints in Popularization of Bank of Baroda Debit Card By PRAVIN MANDORA [pic] STEVENS BUSINESS SCHOOL A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of MBA Program Submitted to Bank of Baroda Acknowledgement The completion of any task depends upon the co-operation, coordination and consolidated efforts of several resources of knowledge, energy, and time and above all the proper guidance of the experienced bankers. Therefore I approached this matter of Acknowledgement through these lines trying my best to give full credit where it deserves.I wish to express my gratitude to our institute, which has provided me the opportunity to fulfil the most cherished desire to reach my goal. I am thankful to all those who generously helped me to compile this project with their knowledge and expertise. Firstly I owe a great debt to, STEVENS BUSINESS SCHOOL for obliging the project, thus giving me chance to broaden my horizon and providing me all necessa ry resources in college to assist me in the project. Also I owe a great debt to Mr. B. N. Menon, Sr.Manager (IT) of Bank of Baroda who has been nominated as mentor for my project and also thankful to all staffs of BOB as well as Head Office of Bank of Baroda for providing me the necessary guidelines regarding the project, for helping me to track the first hand information and supporting me in the carrying out the project successfully. As well as reposing a belief in me, this was essential for the completion of this project. I express my sincere thanks to Mr. PRIYA KUMAR, Senior Manager (HRM) at Regional Office Bank of Baroda Ahmedabad for giving me the opportunity to choose this topic and the project.I would also like to thank all the persons for their contribution for shaping up of this project, which helped me directly or indirectly in completing this project. 2. Preface The project is prepared during the vocational training under taken on partial fulfillment of the course of â₠¬Å"Master of Business Administration† Hence, this report is designed with the objective to gain practical knowledge. According to old saying there is a huge difference between â€Å"To say and to do†. To take theorical knowledge is important but it becomes more valuable when we apply it in the practice.So, there is a huge difference between theory & practical. For filling this requirement training in Bank of Baroda is very practical exposure for me. This training provides golden opportunity for every student, for better understanding in a working environment in the organization. Hence, this report is designed with the objective to gain practical knowledge. Table of Context |Sr no. |Topic |Pg No. |1 |Indian Banking Industry |5 | |2 |Opportunities in the Indian Banking Sector   |17 | |3 |History of BOB |19 | |4 |Personal Banking Services |27 | |5 |Debit Card |30 | |6 |Bank Of Baroda Debit Card |34 | |7 |SWOT Analysis |38 | |8 |Findings |41 | |9 |Research and develop ment |59 | |10 |Learning |61 | |11 |Experience at Bank of Baroda |62 | |12 |Bibliography |63 | [pic] Indian banking industry Introduction to Indian Banking Industry The banking system remains, as always, the most dominant segment of the financial sector. Indian banks continue to build on their strengths under the regulator's watchful eye and hence, have emerged stronger.In the annual international ranking conducted by UK-based Brand Finance Plc, 18 Indian banks have been included in the Brand Finance ® Global Banking 500. In fact, State Bank of India (SBI), which is the first Indian bank to be ranked among the Top 50 banks in the world, has improved its position from 36th to 34th, as per the Brand Finance study released on February 1, 2011. The brand value of SBI has enhanced to US$ 1. 12 billion. ICICI Bank, the only other Indian bank in the top 100 club has improved its position with a brand value of US$ 2. 5 billion. Indian banks contributed 1. 7 per cent to the total global brand value at US$ 14. 74 billion and grew by 19 per cent in 2011, according to the study. Nationalized banks, as a group, accounted for 51. per cent of the aggregate deposits, while State Bank of India (SBI) and its associates accounted for 22. 5 per cent, according to Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) ‘Quarterly Statistics on Deposits and Credit of Scheduled Commercial Banks: September 2010'. The share of New private sector banks, Old private sector banks, Foreign banks and Regional Rural banks in aggregate deposits was 13. 5 per cent, 4. 5 per cent, 5. 2 per cent and 3. 1 per cent respectively. With respect to gross bank credit also, nationalized banks hold the highest share of 50. 9 per cent in the total bank credit, with SBI and its associates at 23. 1 per cent and New Private sector banks at 13. 7 per cent.Foreign banks, Old private sector banks and Regional Rural banks held relatively lower shares in the total bank credit with 5. 2 per cent, 4. 5 per cent and 2. 5 per cent respectively. The report also found that scheduled commercial bank offices (with deposits of US$ 2. 25 or more) accounted for 66. 2 per cent of the bank offices, 96. 6 per cent in terms of aggregate deposits and 93. 8 per cent in total bank credit. Bank loans registered a growth of 21. 38 per cent in 2010-11, while deposit growth stood at 15. 84 per cent, according to data released by RBI. Analysts and bankers said a growth rate of 18 per cent in deposits and 20 per cent in credit should be sustainable for banks in 2011-12. India's foreign exchange reserves stood at US$ 308. billion as on April 8, 2011, according to the data in the weekly statistical supplement released by RBI. Indians who live and work abroad have remitted US$ 55 billion in 2010 as compared to US$ 49. 6 billion in 2009 and have topped the world list in sending money back home, according to World Bank's Migration and Remittances Fact book 2011. With online money transfer services provided by many banks becoming popu lar, remitting money from any corner of the world is no more a problem. History of Indian Banking Industry Banking in India originated in the first decade of 18th century with The General Bank of India coming into existence in 1786. This was followed by Bank of Hindustan. Both these banks are now defunct.The oldest bank in existence in India is the State Bank of India being established as â€Å"The Bank of Bengal† in Calcutta in June 1806. A couple of decades later, foreign banks like Credit Lyonnais started their Calcutta operations in the 1850s. At that point of time, Calcutta was the most active trading port, mainly due to the trade of the British Empire, and due to which banking activity took roots there and prospered. The first fully Indian owned bank was the Allahabad Bank, which was established in 1865. By the 1900s, the market expanded with the establishment of banks such as Punjab National Bank, in 1895 in Lahore and Bank of India, in 1906, in Mumbai – both of which were founded under private ownership.The Reserve Bank of India formally took on the responsibility of regulating the Indian banking sector from 1935. After India's independence in 1947, the Reserve Bank was nationalized and given broader powers. Nationalization By the 1960s, the Indian banking industry has become an important tool to facilitate the development of the Indian economy. At the same time, it has emerged as a large employer, and a debate has ensued about the possibility to nationalize the banking industry. Indira Gandhi, the-then Prime Minister of India expressed the intention of the GOI in the annual conference of the All India Congress Meeting in a paper entitled â€Å"Stray thoughts on Bank Nationalisation. † The paper was received with positive enthusiasm.Thereafter, her move was swift and sudden, and the GOI issued an ordinance and nationalised the 14 largest commercial banks with effect from the midnight of July 19, 1969. Jayaprakash Narayan, a nationa l leader of India, described the step as a â€Å"masterstroke of political sagacity. † Within two weeks of the issue of the ordinance, the Parliament passed the Banking Companies (Acquition and Transfer of Undertaking) Bill, and it received the presidential approval on 9th August, 1969. A second dose of nationalization of 6 more commercial banks followed in 1980. The stated reason for the nationalization was to give the government more control of credit delivery. With the second dose of nationalization, the GOI controlled around 91% of the banking business of India.After this, until the 1990s, the nationalized banks grew at a pace of around 4%, closer to the average growth rate of the Indian economy. Liberalization In the early 1990s the then Narasimha Rao government embarked on a policy of liberalization and gave licenses to a small number of private banks, which came to be known as New Generation tech-savvy banks, which included banks such as UTI Bank (now re-named as Axis Bank) (the first of such new generation banks to be set up), ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank. This move, along with the rapid growth in the economy of India, kick started the banking sector in India, which has seen rapid growth with strong contribution from all the three sectors of banks, namely, government banks, private banks and foreign banks.The next stage for the Indian banking has been setup with the proposed relaxation in the norms for Foreign Direct Investment, where all Foreign Investors in banks may be given voting rights which could exceed the present cap of 10%,at present it has gone up to 49% with some restrictions. The new policy shook the Banking sector in India completely. Bankers, till this time, were used to the 4-6-4 method (Borrow at 4%; Lend at 6%; Go home at 4%) of functioning. The new wave ushered in a modern outlook and tech-savvy methods of working for traditional banks. All this led to the retail boom in India. People not just demanded more from their banks but al so received more. Current Situation Currently (2007), banking in India is generally fairly mature in terms of supply, product range and reach-even though reach in rural India still remains a challenge for the private sector and foreign banks.In terms of quality of assets and capital adequacy, Indian banks are considered to have clean, strong and transparent balance sheets relative to other banks in comparable economies in its region. The Reserve Bank of India is an autonomous body, with minimal pressure from the government. The stated policy of the Bank on the Indian Rupee is to manage volatility but without any fixed exchange rate-and this has mostly been true. With the growth in the Indian economy expected to be strong for quite some time-especially in its services sector-the demand for banking services, especially retail banking, mortgages and investment services are expected to be strong. One may also expect M, takeovers, and asset sales.In March 2006, the Reserve Bank of India allowed Warburg Pincus to increase its stake in Kotak Mahindra Bank (a private sector bank) to 10%. This is the first time an investor has been allowed to hold more than 5% in a private sector bank since the RBI announced norms in 2005 that any stake exceeding 5% in the private sector banks would need to be vetted by them. Currently, India has 88 scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) – 28 public sector banks (that is with the Government of India holding a stake), 29 private banks (these do not have government stake; they may be publicly listed and traded on stock exchanges) and 31 foreign banks. They have a combined network of over 53,000 branches and 17,000 ATMs.According to a report by ICRA Limited, a rating agency, the public sector banks hold over 75 percent of total assets of the banking industry, with the private and foreign banks holding 18. 2% and 6. 5% respectively. Growth of Indian banking industry The growth in the Indian Banking Industry has been more qualitative than quantitative and it is expected to remain the same in the coming years. Based on the projections made in the â€Å"India Vision 2020† prepared by the Planning Commission and the Draft 10th Plan, the report forecasts that the pace of expansion in the balance-sheets of banks is likely to decelerate. | | The total assets of all scheduled commercial banks by end-March 2010 are estimated at  Rs. 40, 90,000 crores. That will comprise about 65 per cent of GDP at current market prices as compared to 67 per cent in 2002-03.Bank assets are expected to grow at an annual composite rate of 13. 4 per cent during the rest of the decade as against the growth rate of 16. 7 per cent that existed between 1994-95 and 2002-03. It is expected that there will be large additions to the capital base and reserves on the liability side. The Indian Banking Industry can be categorized into non-scheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks constitute of commercial banks and co-operative banks. T here are about 67,000 branches of Scheduled banks spread across India. As far as the present scenario is concerned the Banking Industry in India is going through a transitional phase.The Public Sector Banks (PSBs), which are the base of the Banking sector in India account for more than 78 per cent of the total banking industry assets. Unfortunately they are burdened with excessive Non Performing assets (NPAs), massive manpower and lack of modern technology. On the other hand the Private Sector Banks are making tremendous progress. They are leaders in Internet banking, mobile banking, phone banking, ATMs. As far as foreign banks are concerned they are likely to succeed in the Indian Banking Industry. Types of Banks The operations of all the banks in India are controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. All the Indian banks are governed by the RBI or Reserve Bank of India. This governing body took over the reasonability of formally regulating the Indian banks in 1935.The Reserve Bank of India was announced as the official Central Banking Authority for the smooth supervision of the banking industry in India. Banks in India are classified into 2 broad categories namely, Public sector banks and Private sector banks. The banking scenario in India has already gained momentum, with the domestic and international banks gathering pace. All the banks in India are following the ‘cost', determined by revenue minus profit model. This means that all the resources should be used efficiently to improve the productivity and ensure a win-win situation. To survive in the long run, it is essential to focus on cost saving. Previously, banks focused on the ‘revenue' model which is equal to cost plus profit.Post the banking reforms, banks shifted their approach to the ‘profit' model, which meant that banks aimed at higher profit maximization. The  History of banking  in India dates back to the early half of the 18th century. 3 Presidency Banks that were established in the country namely the Bank of Hindustan, Bank of Madras and Bank of Bombay can also be referred to as some of the oldest banking institutions in the country. The State Bank of India that was earlier known as the Bank of Bengal is also one of the oldest in the genre. To know about the types of banks in India, it is necessary that we first comprehend the banking system so as to be able to distinguish about its various types.All  types of Banks in India  are regulated and the activities monitored by a standard bank called the Reserve Bank of India that stands at the apex of the banking structure. It is also called the Central Bank, as major banking decisions are taken at this level. The other types of banks in India are placed below this bank in the hierarchy. The major types of banks in India are as follows: [pic] Public sector banks in India All government owned banks fall in this variety. Besides the Reserve Bank of India, the State Bank of India and its associate banks and about 20 nationalized banks, all comprises of the public sector banks. Many of the regional rural banks that are funded by the government banks can also be clubbed in this genre.Banks such as State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Syndicate Bank and Canara Bank are known as Public sector banks. Public sector banks are controlled and managed by the Government of India. Public sector banks have been serving the nation for over centuries and are well known for their affordable and quality services. The banking sector in India is mostly dominated by the Public sector banks. The Public sector banks in India alone account for about 75 percent of the total advances in the Indian banking industry. Public sector banks have shown remarkable growth over the last five four decades. Allahabad Bank was the first fully owned Indian bank. It was founded in the year 1865. Private sector banks in IndiaA new wave in the banking industry came about with the private sector banks in India. With policies o n liberalization being generously taken up, these private banks were established in the country that also contributed heavily towards the growth of the economy and also offering numerous services to its customers. Some of the most popular banks in this genre are: Axis Bank, Bank of Rajasthan, Catholic Syrian Bank, Federal Bank, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, ING Vysya Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank and SBI Commercial and International Bank. The Foreign Banks in India like HSBC, Citibank, and Standard Chartered bank etc can also be clubbed here. Private Banks are banks like HDFC bank, ICICI Bank, UTI bank and IDBI bank.The concept of private banking was introduced about 15 years ago. These are the banks that do not have any government stakes. Private Banks have gained quite a strong foothold in the Indian banking industry over the last few years especially because of optimum use of technology. The Private Banks are accountable for a share of 18. 2 percent of the Indian banking industry. IndusInd Bank was the first private bank in India. Currently the bank is among the fastest growing Bank Private Banks in the country. IDBI which is ranked as the tenth largest global development bank is counted as one of the finest financial institutions in the subcontinent. List of Public sector and Private sector banks in India Public Sector Banks |Private Sector Banks | |Bank of Baroda |Bank of Rajasthan | |Allahabad Bank |Catholic Syrian Bank | |Central Bank of India |Bank of Punjab | |State Bank of Patiala |Dhanlakshmi Bank | |Andhra Bank |HDFC Bank | |Canara Bank |Karur Vysya Bank | |State Bank of Hyderabad |ING Vysya Bank | |Oriental Bank of Commerce |Laxmi Vilas Bank | |Dena Bank |Karnataka Bank | |State Bank of Mysore |South Indian Bank | |State Bank of Indore |United Western Bank | |UCO Bank |UTI Bank | |Vijaya Bank |Centurion Bank | |Syndicate Bank |City Union Bank | |State Bank of India |Development Credit Bank | |Bank of India |Federal Bank |Corporation Bank |ICICI Bank | |Ind ian Bank |IndusInd Bank | |Union Bank of India |Jammu & Kashmir Bank | |Punjab National Bank- | | |State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur | | |State Bank of Travancore | | |Bank of Baroda | | Comparison between Private and Public Sector BanksThe Private sector banks introduced the concept of online banking in India. This was mostly because the private banks were technologically well equipped. Online banking is extremely common today since you can sit anywhere and go ahead with your banking transactions. You do not have to personally visit your bank. The Private sector banks were using state of the art technology and fully computerized systems since the time they entered the Indian market whereas the Public sector banks were not. However despite the technological challenges the public sector banks in India are still the preferred destinations for many as they are considered as safer options for money deposit.Cooperative banks in India With the aim to specifically cater to the rural pop ulation, the cooperative banks in India were set up through the country. Issues like agricultural credit and the likes are taken care of by these banks. Opportunities in the Indian Banking Sector In the five decades since independence, the Indian banking system has evolved through four distinct phases. The major reform took place in the fourth phase, with the recommendations of Narasimham Committee (1991). The important initiatives that were introduced were the provisioning and capital adequacy, deregulation of interest rates and easing of norms to enter the banking sector.Further, the merger and acquisition in the sector will add a new growth dimension, as it would create 3 -4 global sized banks. The presence of these banks will help the country to attract foreign direct investments, which in turn will drive the future growth in the Indian Banking sector. The report titled ‘Opportunities in the Indian Banking Sector’ provides a crisp and comprehensive analysis of the c urrent status and overall growth prospects of the Indian banking industry. The report provides an insight into the use of Information Technology in the sector and the impact of the Union Budget 2010-11 on the growth of the sector. The research presents a detailed PEST analysis of the industry which is substantiated with key findings.The report aims to investigate the opportunities that have been created in the industry in the areas of pension fund, rural banking and e banking. Moreover, the research also explains the impact of the Basel 3 norms on the functioning of the Indian Banks. ‘Opportunities in the Indian Banking Sector’ is an outcome of comprehensive research and analysis of the Indian Banking sector. The team has also mapped the competitive landscape of the sector and tried to shed light on the operations/strategies of the key players. Thus, the information available in the report is expected to enable the target audience in understanding the contemporary indus try scenario. Key findings in the report include: The Indian banking industry has been able to sustain the global economic crisis much better than other developing countries due to its robust capital structure. The implementation of Basel 3 norms will make it more immune to crisis and will guard the banking industry against market risk, interest rate risk and operational risk. Moreover, the creation of capital buffer will provide a cushion for periods of stress and will not lead to situations of insolvency. †¢ In a major move, undertaken by RBI to elevate financial inclusion in the country, additional branch licenses will be granted to private sector banks and NBFCs. This will further assist to ease the entry norms in the industry and attract new players.Additionally, the setting up of new branches will help in extending banking products and services to remote areas of the country. †¢ A paradigm shift in the banking system has been witnessed with the use of information tec hnology for implementation of total banking automation. Various software companies are launching software application packages for banks. For instance, Infosys has rolled out Finnacle which a core banking software, designed to offer solutions for e banking, CRM for requirements of retail, corporate and universal banking and core banking. Moreover, with the introduction of interbank mobile payment service by The National Payment Corporation of India, the retail customers can now avail 24*7 fund transfers.History of Bank of Baroda[pic] [pic] About Bank of Baroda A saga of vision and enterprise It has been a long and eventful journey of almost a century across 25 countries. Starting in 1908 from a small building in Baroda to its new hi-rise and hi-tech Baroda Corporate Centre in Mumbai, is a saga of vision, enterprise, financial prudence and corporate governance. It is a story scripted in corporate wisdom and social pride. It is a story crafted in private capital, princely patronage an d state ownership. It is a story of ordinary bankers and their extraordinary contribution in the ascent of Bank of Baroda to the formidable heights of corporate glory.It is a story that needs to be shared with all those millions of people – customers, stakeholders, employees & the public at large – who in ample measure, have contributed to the making of an institution. Our mission statement To be a top ranking National Bank of International Standards committed to augmenting stake holders' value through concern, care and competence. Our Logo Our new logo is a unique representation of a universal symbol. It comprises dual ‘B’ letterforms that hold the rays of the rising sun. We call this the Baroda Sun. The sun is an excellent representation of what our bank stands for. It is the single most powerful source of light and energy – its far reaching rays dispel darkness to illuminate everything they touch.At Bank of Baroda, we seek to be the source that w ill help all our stakeholders realise their goals. To our customers, we seek to be a one-stop, reliable partner who will help them address different financial needs. To our employees, we offer rewarding careers and to our investors and business partners, maximum return on their investment. The single-colour, compelling vermillion palette has been carefully chosen, for its distinctiveness as it stands for hope and energy. We also recognize that our bank is characterized by diversity. Our network of branches spans geographical and cultural boundaries and rural-urban divides. Our customers come from a wide spectrum of industries and backgrounds.The Baroda Sun is a fitting face for our brand because it is a universal symbol of dynamism and optimism – it is meaningful for our many audiences and easily decoded by all. Our new corporate brand identity is much more than a cosmetic change. It is a signal that we recognize and are prepared for new business paradigms in a globalised wor ld. At the same time, we will always stay in touch with our heritage and enduring relationships on which our bank is founded. By adopting a symbol as simple and powerful as the Baroda Sun, we hope to communicate both. The Heritage It all started with a visionary Maharaja's uncanny foresight into the future of trade and enterprising in his country.On 20th July 1908, under the Companies Act of 1897, and with a paid up capital of Rs 10 Lacs started the legend that has now translated into a strong, trustworthy financial body,  THE BANK OF BARODA. It has been a wisely orchestrated growth, involving corporate wisdom, social pride and the vision of helping others grow, and growing itself in turn. The founder,  Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad, with his insight into the future, saw â€Å"a bank of this nature will prove a beneficial agency for lending, transmission, and deposit of money and will be a powerful factor in the development of art, industries and commerce of the State and adjoinin g territories. † The Ethics Between 1913 and 1917, as many as 87 banks failed in India. Bank of Baroda survived the crisis, mainly due to its honest and prudent leadership.This financial integrity, business prudence, caution and an abiding care and concern for the hard earned savings of hard working people, were to become the central philosophy around which business decisions would be effected. This cardinal philosophy was over years of its existence, to become its biggest asset. It ensured that the Bank survived the Great War years. It ensured survival during the Great Depression. Even while big names were dragged into the Stock Market scam and the Capital Market scam, the Bank of Baroda continued its triumphant march along the best ethical practices. The Heroes No history is complete without mention of its heroes, mostly ordinary people, who turn in extra-ordinary performances and contribute to building an institution.Over the years, there have been thousands of such people. The Bank salutes these â€Å"unknown soldiers† who passionately helped to create the legend of Bank of Baroda. There were also the leaders, both corporate and royal, who provided the vision and guided the Bank through trail blazing years, and departing, left behind footprints on the sands of time. This Roll of Honor will be incomplete without mention of men, of the stature of  Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad, Sampatrao Gaekwad, Ralph Whitenack, Vithaldas Thakersey, Tulsidas Kilachand and NM Chokshi. Bank of Baroda salutes these leaders whose vision helped to create an institution. Offices and branches [pic] [pic]Shower of Awards & Accolades On Bank Of Baroda ? Bank of Baroda receives Skoch Award ? Bank of Baroda bags Bank of the year 2010 (for India) ? Bank of Baroda has bagged three awards from Association of Business Communicators of India in an award function held at Mumbai. ? Bank of Baroda has been conferred upon Best Bank 2010 award by the prestigious financial magazine, Business India in recognition of its consistent performance ? Bank of Baroda has been conferred upon Silver Award by Dainik Bhaskar group (DNA) ? Bank of Baroda has been awarded with prestigious Dalal Street- DSIJ PSU Award. ? CMD Shri M. D. Mallya is seen receiving the Skoch Challenger Award from Dr. C.Rangarajan, Hon’ble Chairman, Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister. ? Association of Business Communicators of India gives awards every year in various categories of Business Communication. Bank of Baroda got the Gold Trophy for the Indian Language Publication, Silver Trophy for the Corporate Website of the Bank, Bronze trophy for Bilingual Internal Magazine and CMD’s message. The Awards were received by Smt. Vindhya Ramesh, Dy. General Manager along with team members in an award function held in Mumbai. ? Shri Nandan Srivastava, General Manager in-charge (Official Language) receiving the   prestigious Millennium National Rajbhasha Shield constituted by Nat ional Hindi Academy Bank of Baroda has been conferred â€Å"Bank of the year† Award at India Leadership Conclave held in Delhi. ? Bank has won award for the leading Public Sector Bank in â€Å"Global Business Development† category at the Dun & Bradstreet Banking Awards 2009, held in Mumbai, on wednesday 18th February 2009. Journey from 1908 to 2009: 1908-1958 ? 1908: Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III set up Bank of Baroda (BOB). ? 1910: BOB established its first branch in Ahmadabad. ? 1953: BOB established a branch in Mombasa and another in Kampala. ? 1954: BOB opened a branch in Nairobi. ? 1956: BOB opened a branch in Dar-es-Salaam. ? 1957: BOB established a branch in London. ? 1959: BOB acquired Hind Bank. 1960s-1970 1961: Merger of New Citizen Bank of India with BOB helped it increase its branch network in Maharashtra. ? BOB also opened a branch in Fiji ? 1962: BOB opened a branch in Mauritius. ? 1963: BOB acquired Surat Banking Corporation in Surat, Gujarat. ? 1964: B OB acquired two banks, Umbergaon People’s Bank in southern Gujarat and Tamil Nadu Central Bank in Tamil Nadu state. ? 1964: BOB lost its branch in Narayanjanj (East Pakistan) due to the Indo-Pakistan war. It is unclear when BOB had opened the branch. ? 1965: BOB opened a branch in Guyana. ? 1967: The Tanzanian government nationalized BOB’s three branches there and transferred their operations to the Tanzanian government-owned National Banking Corporation. 1969: The Government of India nationalized 14 top banks, including BOB. BOB incorporated its operations in Uganda as a 51% subsidiary, with the government owning the rest. 2000s ? 2000: BOB established Bank of Baroda (Botswana). ? 2002: BOB acquired Benares State Bank in Benares at the Reserve Bank of India’s request. ? 2002: Bank of Baroda (Uganda) was listed on the Uganda Securities Exchange (USE). ? 2003: BOB opened an OBU in Mumbai. ? 2004: BOB acquired the failed Gujarat Local Area Bank, and returned to Ta nzania by establishing a subsidiary in Dar-es-Salaam. ? BOB also opened a representative office each in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and Guangdong, PRC. 2005: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), has approved a joint venture between BOB, Bank of Maharashtra (BOM), and Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC) to set up a bank in Malaysia. The new bank will reside in Kuala Lumpur, which has a large population of Indians. The initial capital required will be US$78 million; BOB will invest 40%, and the other two banks will invest 30% each. The JV is awaiting approval from the Malaysian Central Bank. Bank has built and commissioned its own State-of-the-Art Global Data Centre (DC) in Mumbai for running its centralized banking solution(CBS) and other applications in 1900+ branches across India and 20 other counties where the Bank is operating. ? BOB also opened a representative office in Thailand. ? 2006: BOB established an Offshore Banking Unit (OBU) in Singapore. 2007: In its centenary year, BOB's total b usiness crossed 2. 09 lakh crores, its branches crossed 1000, and its global customer base 29 million people. ? 2008: BOB opened a branch in Guangzhou, China (02/08/2008). ? 2009: Bank of Baroda registered with the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, enabling it to trade as a bank in New Zealand (2009/09/01) Personal Banking Services Bank of Baroda  believes in the strength and integrity of relationships built with its customers like you. With over 102 years of experience in the banking industry and a wide network of over 3412 branches  all over the country, we have always been active in extending financial support and adapting to your changing needs.Bank’s  Deposit Products,  Retail Loans,  Credit Cards  and  Debit Cards  help you with your growing financial needs. With facilities like  Lockers  we ensure that your valuables are safe with us. BOB’s countrywide branches offer convenience and ease in operating one’s account wherever they are. BOBâ₠¬â„¢s 24-hour ATMs enable to withdraw cash, check account balance and request for a new cheque book even after banking hours. Faster technology for better service Baroda Internet Banking / Baroda Mobile Banking, our latest Internet and Mobile banking initiatives enable you to operate your account just as you would in any of our branches. You can through the Internet check your balance, request for cheque books and print account details.Choose from our various products and services, that we sincerely feel will put a smile on your face; an investment we would like to bank on forever. | | | | Deposits Bank of Baroda  offers various deposit plans that you can choose from depending on the term period, nature of deposit and its unique saving and withdrawal features. Apart from competitive interest rates and convenient withdrawal options, BOB’s deposit plans offer other features such as overdraft facility, outstation cheque collections, safe deposit lockers, ATM's etc. Choose from   Fixed,  Current  and  Savings  Deposit plans. Fixed deposits are categorized into deposits with a term period of less than 12 months, more than 12 months and recurring deposits.These deposit plans offer convenient solutions to both working individuals as well as senior citizens. Current and saving deposits are ideal for individuals who wish to take advantage of multiple benefits within the same plan and even be eligible to opt for overdrafts. Deposit Products & Services Fixed Current Saving Gen Next Services Gen- Next Junior Gen- Next Life style Gen- Next Power Gen- Next Suvidha Retail Loans A wide range of solutions for your financial needs Bank of Baroda  offers a wide range of retail loans to meet your diverse needs. Whether the need is for a new house, child's education, purchase of a new car or home appliances, BOB’s unique and need specific loans will enable his/her to convert dreams to realities. Products Home Loan | |Home Improvement Loan | |Loan Again st Future Rent Receivables | |Advance Against Securities | |Baroda Career Development Loan | |Two Wheeler Loan | |Traders Loan | |Baroda Ashray | |Home Loan TO NRIs/PIOs | |Mortgage Loan | |Education Loan | |Auto Loan | |Loan To Doctors | |Personal Loan | | | | | | | | | |Debit Card | |The  Bank of Baroda International Debit Card  is accepted at over  50000 Visa Electron ATMs in India and 1000000 ATMs worldwide. The | |card is also accepted at any 350000 merchant outlets in India and around 29 millions globally.The card enables you to enjoy the | |convenience of cash-less purchasing power without the fear of overdrawing your account | |Key Benefits and Features | |ATM daily cash withdrawal limit Rs: 25,000 (per transaction limit Rs. 15,000) and Point of Sales (POS) daily limit Rs. 50,000. | |Take advantage of the most widely accepted card and be able to withdraw from any ATM displaying the VISA logo, in India and | |abroad. | |At VISA Electron merchant shops, it can also serve as your electronic purse, and money gets debited instantly from your account, | |as you pay. | |The Card allows you to get mini-statements from Bank of Baroda ATMs, or to check the balance in your account, avoiding visits to | |even our nearest branches. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |What's a Debit Card? | |A debit card is issued to an account and card holder uses the card the debit transaction is directly affected to his/her account | |to the extent of balance available. Whereas in credit card there is no need of account but a credit limited is granted up to which| |one can spend. | |How Does a Debit Card Work? | |When you use a debit card, the linked account is checked for the balance availability and the transaction debits (withdraws) the | |amount from the linked account, immediately.You can use a debit card to get cash from  ATM machines  or have it swiped like a | |credit card at shops or restaurants or swipe it through a pay phone to make a call. | |Making a Travel Budget With a Debit Card | |Naturally, you can't rely on your debit card for all your international transactions – imagine haggling with a street vendor, | |getting the price right and then trying to give him/her plastic! Remote hostels and many restaurants in third world countries | |don't accept credit cards (which is how debit cards are viewed in the business world).Thus, you'll need to make budget plans | |before you leave home so that you have traveler's checks and cash  and  some money in your checking account for use on your debit | |card. | |Let's assume you have a budget of $2000 for your trip. Decide how you're comfortable splitting that into the way you'll use it; | |$100 in traveler's checks (although travelers' checks are dead as disco, because carrying them is a pain on several levels — | |we've had banks in other countries refuse to cash them, we've lost them, etc. and so on), $400 in cash and $1500 left in your | |checkin g account, for example — that's $1500 on your debit card. | |If that $2000 represents your entire cash portfolio, consider setting up emergency precautions before you leave home.If someone, | |like Dad, is willing to loan you money, leave deposit slips with him so that if you spend all your money abroad, you can dial for | |dollars (using your debit card) and he can get some money into your account. If your debit card (your checking account) is almost | |empty, ask him to tell the bank to â€Å"memo post† the deposit so that the cash is immediately available and your debit card is | |quickly back in business. | |How to Get a Debit Card | |Chances are you were automatically offered a debit card when you opened your checking account. If you don't have a checking | |account, go open one now.Look for a bank that doesn't charge checking account fees, and ask for a debit card. | |It takes a few days to two weeks to get a debit card after you order it. When the card arrives, sign the back; have photo id with | |your signature handy when you use the card – merchants may want to compare your face and your signatures to protect themselves | |from fraud. | |How to Choose a Debit Card PIN Number | |Your debit card comes with a PIN (personal identification number) which can be changed to a number you can easily remember. | |Memorize it; if you have to write it down, keep that separate from your card.Don't choose an obvious number, like your birthday, | |in order to lessen the chances of someone else being able to guess your PIN number if they come into possession of your card. | | | | | |If You Lose Your Debit Card†¦ | |If your card is lost or stolen, call your bank a sap (Skype's a good, cheap choice for international calls from anywhere you can | |find a computer) before someone else spends your money. Write down your bank's number before you leave home and keep it in a | |couple of places – your journal, your guidebook. Set up an  i nternational snail mail address before you leave home so your bank can| |send you a different card if yours does get lost or stolen. | | | | | | |When to Use Your Debit Card | |Debit cards are handy when making a long distance room reservation or any internet reservation, including plane tickets. You can't| |use a debit card just like a credit card when renting a car – the companies require a major credit card, which offer a certain | |amount of insurance in case you have a fender bender. |About Debit Card Fees and Overseas Transaction Fees | |International ATM machines will charge a fee  when you use your debit card; the amount is determined by the ATM owner. Most fees | |are under $5 — a notice on the ATM machine will tell you what the fee is. More than $2 is too much — look for another ATM | |machine. | |The real fee problem with a debit card comes from your own bank — the card issuer may charge you up to 3 percent for a foreign | |transaction, in cluding an ATM withdrawal. Call your bank long before you go — if you don't like the fee, call around and ask what| |other banks are charging for foreign transactions made with a debit card; be sure to ask what, if any, fees the bank will charge | |for an ATM withdrawal made on foreign soil, even at an â€Å"international bank. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Bank Of Baroda Debit Card | |What is a debit card? | |Debit Card is an electronic purse, which allows the holder to withdraw cash from ATMs and also enables him to purchase goods or | |services from the member establishments. Debit Cards are mostly issued in collaboration either with VISA or MASTER Card. | |What is Bank of Baroda’s Debit Card? | |Bank is issuing globally accepted Debit Card in association with VISA, which will be the easiest way to access customer’s account. |A debit card will allow the customer to purchase goods at VISA Electron merchant establishments and withdraw Cash from any VI SA | |ATM in India and abroad. It is a 24 hours banking facility. | |What is the difference between a Debit Card and a Credit Card? | |The basic difference between a Debit Card and a Credit Card is that the Debit Card gives the customer access to his own money | |whereas the credit card is a form of loan and allows line of credit offered by the Bank. As in case of Debit Card, there will be | |on line debit to the customer’s account, there are no hassle of receiving bills, making payments on due dates, making payment of | |interest on the amount not paid etc. |What is the advantage of a debit card? | |The debit card provides tremendous convenience in payments and helps the customers reduce the amount of cash they need to carry. | |Besides that customer always stays in control of his finances as he can spend only what he has in his account. It also gives an | |unparalleled access to his account, whenever he wants, wherever he goes. | |No Interest / service Charges | |Suits to the Indian psyche of limited expenditure. | |Debit card is not included in the list of Compulsory Income Tax Return Filing. |Usable at POS and hence no carry cash | |Same Card usable at ATMs | |Will customers be entitled to get an additional card in case of joint accounts? | |All the joint account holders, if the operating instructions in the account are ‘either or survivor’, are eligible to get an | |additional card in his/her own name. | |What are the charges for issuing of a Debit Card? | |There are no charges for issuing a debit card. | |What should customer do on receipt of DEBIT CARD? | |Customers are advised to immediately sign on the panel on the back of the Card. However, to prevent any possible misuse, even | |before delivery of Card to customer, it has been made mandatory that Customer should first use the Card at ATM, which requires PIN| |to be entered..Debit Card will be activated for use at POS only after it is used at ATM. | |What is PIN? | |PIN is a FOU R Digits Personal Identification Number, which is issued to the customer in a CLOSED Jacket and is delivered to him | |separately. Customers are requested to ensure that PIN jacket is received by them INTACT and they are also requested to change his| |PIN immediately. Under no circumstance, PIN should be divulged to anyone including to any official from the Bank. | | | |Where will Bank Of Baroda Debit Card be accepted? | |The  Bank of Baroda International Debit Card  is accepted at over 32000 Visa Electron ATMs in India and 1000000 ATMs worldwide.The | |card is also accepted at any 350000 merchant outlets in India and around 29 millions globally. The card enables you to enjoy the | |convenience of cash-less purchasing power without the fear of overdrawing your account. | |What are the facilities available at ATMs? | |At BANK OF BARODA’s ATM network, Customer will be able to withdraw Cash, make a balance enquiry, change his PIN and print a mini | |statement of his account. However, at all other banks ATMs he will be able to withdraw cash and enquire the balance only. | |Whether there are any charges for using CARD at ATMs? | |There will not be any charges for using the Card at Bank of Baroda’s own ATM network.However, if the Card is used at other banks | |ATM, whether in India or abroad, customer is required to pay the charges as per tariff of charges, which will be declared by the | |Bank from time to time. | |And what about charges for using the Card at POS? | |There will not be any charge for using the Card at the POS, either in India or abroad except a nominal service charge is levied if| |the card is used at Petrol Pumps and Indian railways. | |How the amounts withdrawn abroad or purchases made outside India are debited into the account? | |Normally the Cash can be withdrawn and payments for purchases can be made upto the amount of balance available in the account of | |the customer.However, for safety reasons Bank has fixed PER DAY limit of Rs 15000/- for withdrawing the Cash at ATMs and Rs | |25000/- for making purchases at the POS, subject to maximum of balance available in SB account. These limits are also subject to | |using the card MAXIMUM of FOUR times in a day. | |Are any formalities required to be completed by the Bank for international transactions? | |NO, the customer is required to use the Card as per his foreign exchange entitlements only and necessary formalities as required | |under FEMA 1999 are to be complied with by the customer. | | | |What will be the mode of payment in case of a Debit Card? | |The account of the customer will be debited instantly to the extent of purchases made and amount withdrawn from the ATMs. |Therefore, there will not be any monthly outstanding as in case of Credit Cards. | |If customer returns the goods to POS or cancel the transactions, will his account be credited online? | |In case he cancels the transaction immediately, customer’s account will be credited imme diately. However if any customer returns | |the goods later, merchant will make the payment to our Base branch through acquirer. Switch will pass on the credit to customer’s | |account thereafter. | |What is the procedure to be followed in case of loss of Debit Card? | |In case of loss of card, customer will be required to report the loss IMMEDIATELY over phone to our 24 hours Customer Care Toll | |free number 1800 220 400. He will also be required to report the loss to nearest police station and inform the Bank in writing | |along with a copy of information duly acknowledged by the Police. | |When will the customer get replacement card in lieu of lost one? | |Replacement card will be issued to customer after receipt of above information and a request for issuing of replacement card from | |the base branch of the customer. | |How can Customer prevent misuse of card in event of getting it misplaced? | |Customers are protected from the misuse/losses on the Debit Card after they report the loss to the Bank. They will be covered | |automatically under an insurance cover. Please note that this cover will be available to customers only for misuse of card atPOS,| |because at ATM misuse without PIN is not possible. Customer is neither supposed to divulge his PIN to anyone nor record the PIN | |anywhere. | [pic] SWOT Analysis SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH: ? Financially strong bank ? Very old bank ? Aggressive marketing ? Good repo ? Technological advanced WEAKNESS: ? Guidelines are not flexible ? Power is not decentralized OPPORTUNITIES: ? New area is developing. So, there is vast chance for housing loan. ? Guidelines to be designed in such a way that needs of the all type of prospective borrowers should be fulfilled. THREATS: ? This is the nationalized bank so, competition may be with private banks ?Aggressive marketing strategies by private banks ? Entry of foreign banks in near future. [pic] Findings and Research Methodology Findings Q. 1. Are you a customer of BOB ? [pic] Interpretation:- Around 91. 60% are Bank of Baroda customer, because these surveys are conducted in various branches of BOB only. So majority are customer of BOB. Q. 2. Which type of A/C do you maintain? [pic] Interpretation:- According to survey there are majority of respondent are maintaining saving account. It’s very easy to maintain and also only 1000Rs. are required for opening these type of account. Q. 3. How long are you banking with BOB? [pic] Interpretation:-According to total respondent 29 respondent are banking with Bank of Baroda lies between 1-5 years and 26 respondent are banking with BOB more than 5 years. Q. 4. Which of the following facilities of BOB you use? [pic] Interpretation:- According to respondent 40 customer are using ATM/Debit Card and 18 customer are using Net banking. These show those customers are using ATM/Debit card facilities more than other facilities. Q. 5. How frequently do you use AMT/Debit card? [pic] Q. 6. What purpose you are us ing AMT/Debit card? [pic] Q. 7. Select the type of Baroda Connect a/c you use? Q. 8. How did you come to know about Baroda Connect? [pic] Q. 9.Which of the following do you use in Baroda Connect facility? [pic] Q. 10. How frequently do you use Baroda Connect (net banking facility)? [pic] Q. 11. Select some of the benefits of using Baroda Connect? [pic] Q. 12. Do you have demate A/C? [pic] Q. 13. Satisfaction level of using ATM/Debit card: [pic] Q. 14. Satisfaction level of using Baroda Connect (Net Banking): [pic] Q. 15. How frequently do you visit the branch? [pic] Q. 16. What are purpose of visiting the brand? [pic] Personal Detail:- ? Gender:- [pic] ? Education:- [pic] ? Monthly Income (Rs. ):- [pic] Research & Development ACTUAL COLLECTION OF DATA Data sources: The sources of data include either secondary data or primary data and even ome times the combination of both. The present study is more concentration on both primary and secondary data. Primary data: Primary data is colle cted through face-to face interaction with customers of the telecom companies, by meeting them in personal. Secondary data: The secondary data used for their study are inclusive of the data collected from the internet, catalogues and brochure. SAMPLING PLAN 1 Define Population ? Elements: Customers ? Sampling Units: Businessmen, Professional, House wives, Students. ? Extent: West, North, South, East 2 Sampling Frame ? Various Branches of Bank of Baroda, Ahmedabad city. 3 Sampling Method ? Random Sampling METHODOLOGYThe study will conduct on the bases of survey through questionnaires given to respondents. Sampling Design Population: Ahmadabad Sample Size: Population of 60 LEARNINGS The most important part is that they make me feel employee of the organization rather than a trainee and allow me to flourish in each and every department. They were so generous to me that at any mistake, rather scolding they taught me how to correct it & allow me to learn from that mistake. Learning inclu de, 1. Overview of the banking industry & their operation 2. Deep Knowledge of ATM/Debit Cards 3. Familiar with third party Products and Alternative delivery Channels 4. Gain knowledge of loan 5.Proposals that the bank has approved for the disbursement of loan 6. Working on CRISIL and learning some of its function 7. The most important learning of CIBIL& how to learn this CIBIL 8. Knowledge & functioning of LAPS software 9. Also Updated with SME Loans, City back offices, Service branch, MICR centre. 10. How to come out from the different problems & how to interact with customer. 11. Awareness of FINACLE software. Experience at Bank of Baroda I would like to conclude my project with a feeling of having gained enormous knowledge in the field of advances. My project has taught me a lot and has helped me sharpen my management skills for application aspect.I had wonderful experience for which I am greatly thankful to the entire staff of BOB who have continuously taught me by guiding in each and every step. It was a memorable experience of working in such a lively & dedicated atmosphere. Not to forget to mention that my two months training has removed my misconceptions regarding the working of public sector bank. Lastly, I would conclude it was such a memorable experience for me to be a part of BOB. Thanks a lot to all staff members of BOB for such a good co-operation. BIBILIOGRAPHY ? www. bankofbaroda. com ? www. google. com ? http://www. ibef. org/industry/Banking. aspx ? www. cibil. com ? www. crisil. com [pic] ———————– [pic]